New record of the viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Jacquin, 1787) in Hungary

The lowland populations of the viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara in the Carpathian Basin occur in cold, marshy relict habitats. In one of the largest wetlands in Hungary, Kis-Balaton, in 2016 its presence was confirmed by catching an individual with a small mammal live-trap. This new record is significant, since the nearest known sites of occurrence are at great distance and it is situated between the lowland viviparous populations of the north-northeast and the oviparous populations of the south (in Croatia).

Rat and Mice Species (Sub Family : Murinae) Diversity from East Lombok Indonesia

Field study on the murine biodiversity in Lombok Island in early 2020 has spent 581 traps-night efforts in five localities of East Lombok. They were Kembang Kuning, Aikmel, Wanasaba, and Kelayu Jorong. Fifty one individuals have been collected used live trap with dry-salty fish baits. Of those 51 individuals were collected, we successed to indentify five species of murines.They were Rattus argentiventer, R. rattus diardii, R. exulans, R. tanezumi, and Mus musculus castaneus, respectively. R. argentiventer and R Tanezumi were highly abundance and wide-spread species in East Lombok. Surprisingly, R. rattus diardii was only two individuals collected out 100 trap.nights efforts. Those two individuals of restricted to Kembang Kuning. Mus musculus castaneus was the only member of genus Mus collected in this study. This study would be drive our knowledge on the diversity of rat and mice in Lombok Island and their ecology. Furthermore, the prelimary results of this study will allow us for better understand on managing rat and mice population and their interaction with human being.

Keragaman, Dominasi Tikus Silvatik, Kepadatan Pinjal dan Kewaspadaan Pes di Daerah Fokus Pes di Kecamatan Cepogo Kabupaten Boyolali

One of rodent borne diseases that exist in Indonesia is pes with flea as vector and rat as reservoir. The objective of this research were to find out the diversity, dominance of rats, the density of rat and fleas as monitoring efforts for vigilance of plague transmission. The study was conducted in September-October 2016 in Wonodoyo and Kembang Kuning village, Cepogo Sub District of Boyolali District. The research is descriptive with cross sectional approach. Samples collection were conducted by rats survey used single live trap in the silvatic area. The results showed that rats trap success in Wonodoyo village was 3.8% (38 rats) and 1,1% (11 rats) in Kembang Kuning village. Four kind of silvatic rats were Rattus exulans, R. tiomanicus, Niviventer fulvescens and Maxomys surifer. Most of the rats caught (73.68%) in Wonodoyo Village were infested with fleas, while in Kembang Kuning Village it was 27.27%. All of fleas identified as Stivalius cognatus. The specific and general flea index value of S. cognatus in Wonodoyo Village is 2.66; Kembang Kuning Village is 0.45. Early vigilance is very important to do to prevent the transmission of bubonic plague originating from silvatic rats in Cepogo District, particularly in Wonodoyo Village.

Preliminary Study: Detection of Ecto and Endoparasites Among Wild Rats From Urban Area in Blimbing, Malang, East Java

Zoonotic parasitic infections is one of the global public health issues. The complex parasite transmission allows for the relationship between people, animals, vectors, and the environment. The existence of rat in the environment has an important role as a host and reservoir for various types of ecto and endoparasites. This study was conducted to collect informative data on the parasitic infection of wild rats in Blimbing sub-district, Malang city, East Java. A total number of eight wild rat were captured using live-traps from landfills during 4 days. They were classified by sex, weight and body length. The rats were anesthetized, collecting for any ectoparasites and then their carcasses were dissected for examinations of endoparasites. The result of this study show succesfull live-trap of rodents including Rattus norvegicus (87.5%) and Suncus murinus (12.5%). 50% of sampled rodents were male, 37.5% were female, and 12.5% of female the musk shrew. The presence of helminthes infection in all wild rats, namely Hymenolopis nana, Syphacia obvelata, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Furthermore, the ectoparasites identification were Xenopsylla cheopis, Echinolaelap echidninus, and blood protozoa identifications Trypanosoma lewisi. Based on the results show 100% of wild rats positive infections of endo-ectoparasites. This study indicates to continuous study among rodents’ parasites in wild rats in different urban areas and analysis of their potential impact on public health.

Wild boar behaviour during live-trap capture in a corral-style trap: implications for animal welfare

Background Wildlife traps are used in many countries without evaluation of their effect on animal welfare. Trap-capture of wild animals should minimise negative effects on animal welfare, irrespective of whether the animals are trapped for hunting, research, or management purposes. Live-trap capture of wild boar (Sus scrofa) followed by killing inside the trap by gunshot is a recently introduced but disputed hunting method in Sweden. Approval of trap constructions is based on gross necropsy findings of 20 trapped and shot wild boars. For improved animal welfare evaluation, our aim was to study wild boar behaviour during live-trapping in a 16 m2 square corral-style trap. Behavioural assessments were conducted after filming 12 capture events of in total 38 wild boars (five adults, 20 subadults, 13 piglets). Selected behavioural traits were compared with pathological changes (trap-related lesions) found at necropsy of the 20 subadults, to determine if these variables were useful proxies of capture-induced stress in wild boar. Results The wild boars spent less time resting in the evening than in the night and morning. Using Friedman’s ANOVA, there was an overall difference in the time spent foraging. However, we only found a difference between the evening and morning in the Wilcoxon matched pairs test after the Sequential Bonferroni correction, where the wild boars spent more time foraging in the evening than in the morning. Single captured individuals showed more escape behaviours and reacted more strongly to external stimuli than individuals captured in a group. It was more common for animals to charge against the mesh walls of the trap upon human approach compared to upon initial capture when the trap door closed. Trap-related pathological findings due to trauma were documented in 13 of the 20 subadults that were necropsied. Behavioural alterations indicative of capture-induced stress (e.g. charging into the trap walls) were documented in trapped wild boars with no or minor physical injuries (e.g. skin abrasions, subcutaneous haemorrhage). Conclusions Behavioural assessment provided valuable information for determination of capture-induced stress in wild boar when evaluating live-trapping in a corral-style trap, whereas pathological evaluation through necropsy did not fully reflect the animal welfare aspects of live-trapping. We emphasize the inclusion of species-specific behavioural data assessment for evaluation of capture-related stress during live-trapping and for testing of new trap constructions before approval.

Parasitic burden of African squirrels captured in a Nigerian University community

Most emerging diseases in humans have zoonotic reservoirs which are often wildlife species. In Nigeria, very few studieshave reported parasites of small mammals with observed variations in parasitic burden. The parasitic burden of Africansquirrels captured in a University community was studied between November 2018 and February 2019. A total of 33 squirrelsbelonging to two species (Funisciurus anerythrus (60.6%) and Heliosciurus gambianus (39.4%)) were trapped withtomahawk live trap and examined for parasitic infections. The squirrels were examined for ectoparasites from skin scrapings.Blood and gastrointestinal content were collected to assess haemoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites, respectively.Haematological parameters were assessed. Six (18.2%) squirrels of 33 examined were positive for ectoparasite (mite)identified as Ornithonyssus bacoti. Haemoparasites identified include Trypanosoma spp. (9.1%), Plasmodium spp. (3.0%)and Microfilaria worm (3.0%), with overall prevalence of 15.2%. All the 33 squirrels captured were infected with helminthparasites. The small intestine and stomach had the highest and lowest parasitic ova counts, respectively. The parasite with thehighest prevalence was Hymenolepis spp. (75.8%) and the lowest were Heligmosomoides spp. (3.0%), Oxyuroid ova (3.0%),Aspicularis spp. (3.0%), Strongyloides spp. (3.0%) and Schistosoma spp. (3.0%). Blood parameters according to specieswere not significant. However, animals with co-infection showed lower packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb)values compared to single infections. Helminth-only infected squirrel showed marked eosinopenia. Parasites of public healthimportance were prevalent in squirrels trapped in the University community. Therefore, humans should avoid unprotectedcontact with squirrels and their excreta. Keywords: Squirrels, parasites, helminths, haemoparasites, ectoparasites

Partisipasi Ibu dalam Pemasangan Live Trapp dengan Kepadatan Tikus di Kecamatan Trucuk Kabupaten Klaten

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Rats are reservoirs of several diseases that leptospirosis, plague, tularamia, scrub typhes, rat bite fever / Ret Bites Fever (Santoso 2010). Leptospirosis is a disease caused by infection with Leptospira bacteria that attack animals and humans and can live in fresh water for about 1 month. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the participation of Women in mice using live trapp arrest in the district of Klaten Regency Trucuk 2015.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This research is a quasi-experimental study (quasi experiment). This study uses a design approach posttest only control group and an analytic study. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling with 100 respondents. Instruments using live trapp and Table Reports, Catching Mice, data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate (using the Mann-Whitney test with α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Results catches mice in the experimental group as much as 54 % and 32 % and a comparison group of mice density in the District of Klaten regency Trucuk 43 % . Bivariate analysis produces p-value = 0.002 .</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: This study No different from the number of rats caught (p &lt;0.05), with the participation of mothers in installing the live trap. Suggestion given to the District Government is seeking and coordinating Trucuk mother to jointly perform leptospirosis disease prevention through the installation of live trapp and motivate mother to escape from endemic regions leptospirosis.</p>

Identification of Rat Density and Ectoparasites in Seaport Area of Manokwari, Papua Province

BACKGROUND: Manokwari port is a port that is the gateway (point of entry) in the area of Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. AIM: The purpose of this research was to determine the density of rats, types of rats, success traps, the density of ectoparasites, and types of ectoparasites. METHODS: This is a descriptive observational research type to determine the picture of environmental sanitation such as the presence of waste, signs of the presence of rats, success traps, types of rats, and ectoparasites. The population was all rats and ectoparasites that were around the catch-location. Samples were mice and ectoparasites that were caught at research time. RESULTS: The results of the study for 4 days of trapping with a total of 200 traps, the calculation of success traps per day in the trap multi live trap A obtained values ranging from 0 to 0.13 and in multi live traps B with salted fish baits ranging from 0.02 to 0.08. The results showed several types of mice, namely, Rattus tanezumi (52.17%), Rattus norvegicus (43.47%), ad Soricidae (4.34%). A total of 13 male rats (56.52%) 10 female rats (43.47%) were successfully captured during the study. The results showed that from 23 rats caught, 23 ectoparasites of fleas Xenopsylla cheopis, one tick, seven small louse, and six mites. CONCLUSIONS: The rats most commonly found are R. tanezumi rats with male sex with ectoparasites which are found the most, namely, X. cheopis. Ectoparasites of this type are very dangerous for health, one of which can cause bubonic plague. Therefore, it recommended that the port authority can improve vector control in the port area.

KEBERHASILAN PEMERANGKAPAN TIKUS (Rattus exulans) DENGAN JENIS UMPAN BERBEDA DI KEBUN RAYA LIWA LAMPUNG BARAT

Tikus merupakan hewan liar yang mampu beradaptasi dengan kehidupan manusia. Tikus juga menjadi hama penting dalam kehidupan manusia, baik dalam bidang pertanian, perkebunan, permukiman, dan kesehatan. Tikus digolongkan ke dalam Ordo Rodentia dan Famili Muridae.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan pemerangkapan tikus menggunakan empat jenis umpan yang berbeda berupa kelapa bakar, ikan asin, tulang ayam dan ubi jalar dengan meggunakan perangkap hidup tunggal (single live trap). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Raya Liwa Lampung Barat pada tanggal 17-26 Oktober 2019. Total perangkap yang digunakan adalah 8 perangkap dalam sekali pemasangan dengan total 10 kali pemasangan perangkap. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah jumlah tikus terperangkap, jenis tikus yang terperangkap, jenis kelamin dan ukuran tikus, serta umpan yang paling banyak menarik tikus sehingga terperangkap. Hasil penelitian ini adalah keberhasilan pemerangkapan (KP) tikus dengan jenis umpan yang berbeda. Tikus lebih menyukai umpan kelapa bakar dengan keberhasilan pemerangkapan paling tinggi yaitu 87,5 %. Spesies yang terperangkap adalah (Rattus exulans) tikus ladang, (Suncus murinus) cecurut rumah dan (Hylomys suillus) cecurut babi. Tikus dengan jenis kelamin betina lebih banyak didapat (8 ekor) dibandingkan tikus jantan (3 ekor). Tikus dengan ukuran <70 gr lebih banyak didapat (8 ekor) dibandingkan dengan ukuran >70 gr (3 ekor).

Does researcher activity affect Dromiciops gliroides capture rates? A test in two contrasting forest habitats

Aiming to understand the low D. gliroides capture rates at the Valdivian Coastal Reserve, we disposed camera-traps at two contrasting forest habitats: a native forest habitat and a transformed habitat composed by a Eucalyptus globulus plantation with native understory vegetation. Camera-trap survey was conducted before and during live-trap operation. We found a large number of photographic records at the pre-bait period (41 photos at the native habitat and 22 at the transformed habitat). Then, when we conducted the live-trapping survey, photographic records decrease to 7 at the native habitat and 5 at the transformed habitat. Compared to similar locations in southern Chile, our study site shows low sampling effectiveness and capture success values, which could be explained by the disturbance generated by the researcher by checking the trap grid in a daily basis in a remote place where human presence is sporadic.