Near East and North Africa Regional Forest Resource Assessment 2020

2021 ◽  

Author(s):  
Fergus Millar

This epilogue examines various strands of social history, religious affiliation and language in the Roman Near East in relation to the beginning of Muhammad's preaching in about 610. Muhammad was born, probably in about 570, in Mecca, where he began to receive divinely inspired messages in Arabic. After he died, Muhammad's followers invaded the nearest Roman provinces and conquered all of the Roman Near East, the Sasanid empire, Egypt and Roman North Africa. These are known as ‘the great Arab conquests’. This chapter considers whether the Arabian Peninsula can be properly treated under the title of ‘Arabia and the Arabs’. It also analyses evidence from the Mediterranean and Mesopotamian Near East, as well as the kingdom of Himyar. Finally, it looks at brief allusions to the life-history of Muhammad in a number of Christian sources to shed light on his preaching.



Author(s):  
Kasturi Chakraborty ◽  
Thota Sivasankar ◽  
Junaid Mushtaq Lone ◽  
K. K. Sarma ◽  
P. L. N. Raju

The forest resource of North East Region (NER) of India is a store house of several unique, endangered, endemic, medicinal plant, bamboo, etc. species in diverse forest type and high forest density. Several authors and organizations have contributed to the study of the richness and diversity distributed in different forest types and forest density. This chapter attempts to highlight the uniqueness of the forest of NER and the role of geospatial technology and presents various interesting studies pertaining to the region as an input to forest resource assessment. Remote sensing and GIS have an important role in NER forest resource assessment, management, and conservation. Various studies carried out with the help of remote sensing and GIS technology have highlighted the ongoing forest degradation and deforestation taking place in this region due to developmental activity and economic benefits. There is continuous improvement in the forest estimates from coarse resolution satellite data to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the recent times.



2020 ◽  
pp. 103-148
Author(s):  
Fanny Bessard

This chapter considers the physical change of the workspace chronologically, geographically, and by industry. From the case studies of pottery, glass, and textile making, as well as food processing, it discusses the standardization of the Roman practice, as seen at Timgad in North Africa, of zoning and conglomerating crafts in early Islam across the Near East and Central Asia. While acknowledging this continuity with the past, it examines the novelty and significance of manufacturing after 800, when ‘post-Roman’ ceased to be a meaningful description of Near Eastern economy, and questions whether urban crafts experienced differentiated or similar forms of development.



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