Introduction:
Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) portends a poor prognosis during long-term follow-up and has been identified as an independent predictor of heart failure (HF) and reduced long-term survival. Despite the poor prognosis with chronic IMR, few studies report the impact of IMR on long-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods:
We studied 674 consecutive patients with AMI from 2000 to 2006 who underwent emergent coronary angiography and primary PCI, and who were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography during index hospitalization. Primary outcomes were cardiac death and the development of HF during follow-up.
Results:
The mean age of the study patients was 65±12 years and 534 patients (79%) were men. Sixty patients (9%) had moderate or severe MR before hospital discharge. Patients with moderate or severe MR were older, more frequently non-smoker, and more likely to have Killip class ≥2, lower ejection fraction, larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume, compared with patients with no or mild MR. During the mean follow-up period of 5.7±3.6 years, 35 cardiac deaths and 53 episodes of HF occurred. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with moderate or severe MR had significantly increased risk for cardiac death (P<0.001), and HF (P<0.001), compared with patients with no or mild MR. Multivariate analysis revealed that moderate or severe MR was the significant predictor of the development of cardiac death (P<0.001), and the development of HF (P=0.006), independently of age, gender, history of MI, Killip class ≥2, initial TIMI flow≤1, peak CPK level, ejection fraction.
Conclusions:
Moderate or severe IMR detected early after AMI was independently associated with adverse cardiac events during long-term follow-up in patients with AMI after primary PCI.
Poor Prognosis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy during Long Term Follow Up