Very Long-Term Outcome of Community-Dwelling Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Rural Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 (12) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaios Peritogiannis ◽  
Aikaterini Grammeniati ◽  
Afroditi Gogou ◽  
Panagiota Gioti ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Vaios Peritogiannis ◽  
Afroditi Gogou ◽  
Maria Samakouri
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
International Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Background: The outcome of schizophrenia and related psychoses is generally modest, and patients display high rates of disability. Aims: The aim of the review is to present an up-to-date account of the research on the very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders. Method: We conducted a search in the PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published since the publication of the very long-term data of the World Health Organization’s International Study of Schizophrenia (the ISoS study), over the last 18 years (from 2002 to 2019). Studies were included if they reported on at least 15-year outcome and if they had used valid and reliable tools for the estimation of the patients’ outcome in terms of symptomatology and functioning. Results: A total of 16 studies were included in this review, involving 1,391 patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Most were single-center studies, with moderate size samples of patients, and 11 were prospective studies. Very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders varies considerably among studies. Good outcome ranges from 8% to 73.8%, and it appears to be better in developing countries, whereas differences are less apparent among Western countries (8%–40.3%). Studies in different settings have used different methods involving a variety of samples of patients to estimate their outcome, whereas definitions of good and poor outcome also varied among studies. Longer duration of untreated psychosis was associated with worse outcome in some studies. Schizophrenia was found to have poorer long-term prognosis compared to other schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A large proportion of patients, ranging from 19% to 48.2%, were not on medication. Conclusion: Recent evidence on the very long-term outcome of psychotic disorders is in line with previous reports and suggests that prognosis remains rather modest. There are several limitations of current research regarding outcome definitions and study design that should be addressed by future research.

scholarly journals Depression in young adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Douglas H. R. Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
Genetic Loading ◽  
First Time

Depression, as a heterogeneous collection of disorders, is likely to include subgroups that are more genetic in origin. In common with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, earlier age at onset in depression is associated with higher genetic loading and poorer long-term outcome. Adolescents and young adults with depression are also at high risk of developing a bipolar illness. This article reviews depressive illnesses that occur for the first time in adolescence and young adulthood. Case studies are used to discuss atypical presentations and the evolving concept of bipolar-spectrum disorders.

Long-term trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: A critical overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Shmukler ◽  
I.Y. Gurovich ◽  
M. Agius ◽  
Y. Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Potential Factors

AbstractBackgroundCognitive disturbances are widely pronounced in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Whilst cognitive deficits are well established in the prodromal phase and are known to deteriorate at the onset of schizophrenia, there is a certain discrepancy of findings regarding the cognitive alterations over the course of the illness.MethodsWe bring together the results of the longitudinal studies identified through PubMed which have covered more than 3 years follow-up and to reflect on the potential factors, such as sample characteristics and stage of the illness which may contribute to the various trajectories of cognitive changes.ResultsA summary of recent findings comprising the changes of the cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients along the longitudinal course of the illness is provided. The potential approaches for addressing cognition in the course of schizophrenia are discussed.ConclusionsGiven the existing controversies on the course of cognitive changes in schizophrenia, differentiated approaches specifically focusing on the peculiarities of the clinical features and changes in specific cognitive domains could shed light on the trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders.

Social cognition, functional capacity and symptoms in the longitudinal prediction of outcome in subjects with first-episode schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S67-S67
Author(s):  
M. Nordentoft ◽  
R. Wills ◽  
D. Gotfredsen
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

BackgroundSeveral national guidelines recommend continuous use of antipsychotic medication after a psychotic episode in order to minimize the risk of relapse. However some studies have identified a subgroup of patients who can obtain remission of psychotic symptoms while not being on antipsychotic medication for a long period of time. This study investigated the long-term outcome and characteristics of patients in remission of psychotic symptoms with no use of antipsychotic medication at the 10-year follow-up.MethodsThe study was a cohort study including 496 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD 10: F20 and F22-29). Patients were included in the Danish OPUS Trial and followed up 10 years after inclusion, where patient data was collected on socio-demographic factors, psychopathology, level of functioning and medication.FindingsAmong the patients, 30% had remission of psychotic symptoms at the time of the 10-year follow up with no current use of antipsychotic medication. This favorable outcome was associated with female gender, high GAF-F score, participation in the labor market and absence of substance abuse.InterpretationResults from several RCTs advise against discontinuation of antipsychotic medication, but our results from the 10-year follow-up indicate that a subgroup do obtain long-term remission while not being on antipsychotic medication. Hence, guidelines on antipsychotic medication do not pay sufficient attention to patients who discontinue antipsychotic medication and are still able to obtain remission of psychotic symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Approved and emerging smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Caponnetto ◽  
Riccardo Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This review focuses on smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on schizophrenic disorder (schizophrenia or psychotic or psychosis or severe mental illness) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or e-cigarette). Studies found evidence suggesting that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural therapy for smoking cessation is effective amongst smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, although more long-term research is required. This review summarised and critically reviewed also studies on vaping as a smoking cessation strategy for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation. Overall, there are very few studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia and these studies are very small. They have promising results, but more research is needed.

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