scholarly journals Effects of volatile substance abuse on the respiratory system in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halime S.C. Büker ◽  
Esen Demir ◽  
Zeki Yüncü ◽  
Figen Gülen ◽  
Levent Midyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Inhalant Abuse ◽  
Ventilatory Pattern ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse

Aim: Inhalant abuse is a prevalent and often overlooked form of substance abuse in adolescents. Chronic inhalant abuse can damage respiratory, cardiac, renal, hepatic, and neurolog- ic systems. This study aims to determine the physiologic effects of inhaling solvents on the respiratory functions. Methods: The general health status of the subjects was assessed by history taking, physical examination and a questionnaire which was designed to show the severity of respiratory symp- toms. Spirometry, ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed to assess pulmonary functions and anatomy. Results: Thirty-one male volatile substance abusers and 19 control subjects were included in the study. The mean age of onset of inhalant use was 14.6 ± 2.2 (9-18) years and dura- tion of drug use was 3.7 ± 1.7 years. The most common respi- ratory symptoms in volatile substance abusers were nasal congestion (45.2%), sputum (38.7%), exercise intolerance (32.3%) and cough (22.6%). Results of spirometric studies showed 12 (41.4%) subjects with low FVC values < 80% of predicted, indicative of restrictive ventilatory pattern in the study group. Although the difference was not statistically sig- nificant, restrictive ventilatory pattern was higher in the study group. There was no statistically significant correlation between restrictive ventilatory pattern and the age of onset/duration/frequency of inhalant abuse, respiratory symptoms and scintigraphic abnormalities. Subjects who had restrictive pattern in their pulmonary function tests were more likely to have abnormal findings at HRCT (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study has shown a positive correlation between volatile substance abuse and the development of restrictive ventilatory pattern, but more comprehensive stud- ies are needed for more precise conclusions.

Disorders relating to the use of volatile substances

2012 ◽  
pp. 502-506
Author(s):  
Richard Ives
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Inhalant Abuse ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Aerosol Spray ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse ◽  
Empty Product

Volatile substance abuse (VSA)—also known as ‘solvent abuse’ and ‘inhalant abuse’—is the deliberate inhalation of any of a range of products (see Table 4.2.3.6.1), to achieve intoxication. Amyl (pentyl) and isobutyl nitrites (‘poppers’) have different patterns of misuse, and are not discussed here. VSA has dose-related effects similar to those of other hypnosedatives. Small doses rapidly lead to ‘drunken’ behaviour similar to the effects of alcohol, and may induce delusions and hallucinations. Some heavy misusers inhale large quantities; 6 l of adhesive weekly have been reported. Long-term effects include listlessness, anorexia, and moodiness. The hair, breath, and clothing may smell of the substance(s) used, and empty product containers (e.g. glue cans, cigarette lighter refills, and aerosol spray cans), and bags used to inhale from, may be found. Being readily available, volatile substances are, along with alcohol and tobacco, the first intoxicating substances some children try. However, most VSA is experimental and does not lead to the use of other psychoactive substances; problematic misusers have other difficulties in their lives.

Neuropsychological Consequences of Volatile Substance Abuse: A Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.F.D. Chadwick ◽  
H.R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse

1 The evidence from studies of the neuropsychological consequences of chronic volatile substance abuse is reviewed. 2 Studies of occupational exposure to solvent vapour are of limited relevance when considering the effects of volatile substance abuse because occupational exposure is normally to small quantities of many different compounds over prolonged periods of time. 3 Many studies of chronic volatile substance abusers suffer from serious shortcomings such as the use of small sample sizes, inadequate controls, failure to exclude the possibility of acute toxic effects and a disregard of other factors which could account for the findings. 4 There is reasonably good evidence that neuropsychological impairment is often present amongst volatile subtance abusers with definite neurological abnormalities. 5 Although most studies have found that volatile substance abusers without reported neurological abnormalities obtain lower psychometric test scores than non-abusers, it remains uncertain whether these deficits are best explained in terms of a causal effect of volatile substance abuse, rather than a reflection of other factors associated with volatile substance abuse, such as background, social disadvantages or history of delinquency.

Volatile Substance Abuse: Evaluation and Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Drug History ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse

1 A scheme for the identification and evaluation of volatile substance abusers is outlined which emphasizes the need for medical history, drug history, emotional/behavioural and dependency questionnaires and physical examination. 2 Poor initial evaluation may lead to non-recognition of dependent abusers who may present later with more serious problems. 3 Suggestions for prevention and treatment of chronic abusers are discussed and some advice for parents is outlined.

Chronic Non-neurological Toxicity from Volatile Substance Abuse

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marjot ◽  
A.A. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Neurological Toxicity ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse ◽  
Kidney Liver

1 Most of the evidence for chronic non-neurological toxicity from volatile substance abuse is derived from case reports. 2 Factors important in assessing these reports are the marked variations in exposure conditions and in the composition of the products abused. 3 In a young and otherwise healthy population, any chronic organ toxicity arising from VSA has to be gross in order to become clinically apparent. This may partially explain the relatively low incidence of reporting. 4 Toluene and the chlorinated hydrocarbons 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene can cause permanent damage to the kidney, liver, heart and lung, in certain volatile substance abusers.

scholarly journals Effects of volatile substance abuse on the respiratory system in adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halime SC B�ker ◽  
Esen Demir ◽  
Zeki Y�nc� ◽  
Figen G�len ◽  
Levent Midyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse

Volatile substance abuse ∗

1991 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse

Volatile substances with special reference to volatile substance abuse

1996 ◽  
pp. 577-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Flanagan ◽  
T.J. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse

Government, Trade and Industry and Other Preventative Responses to Volatile Substance Abuse

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.I. Liss
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
British Government ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse ◽  
Profile Approach

1 Since the early 1960s the USA has attempted to combat the problem of volatile substance abuse through legislation including restricting sales, banning 'sniffing', labelling and adding unpleasant smells to abused products. None of this legislation appears to have had the desired effect. 2 VSA has been a growing problem in Britain since the 1970s and presently kills two people per week. The British Government initially adopted a low profile approach, although legislation restricting the sale of abused products was introduced in 1985. 3 In 1984 the British Adhesives Manufacturers Association founded Re-Solv, the society for the prevention of solvent and volatile substance abuse; it is now an independent national charity. Re-solv believe that a broad education programme is needed to combat VSA and are involved in many such projects.

Upper aerodigestive tract frostbite complicating volatile substance abuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Albright ◽  
Brian L. Lebovitz ◽  
Robert Lipson ◽  
Jay Luft
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Volatile Substance Abuse
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