scholarly journals Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in brown hares Lepus europaeus introduced to New Zealand: Developmental homeostasis in populations with a bottleneck history

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Suchentrunk ◽  
Günther B. Hartl ◽  
John E. C. Flux ◽  
John Parkes ◽  
Anita Haiden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis

Allozyme heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry in the brown hare ( Lepus europaeus ) : a test of the developmental homeostasis hypothesis

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1334) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Metric Traits

The influence of allozyme heterozygosity on developmental homeostasis as indicated by fluctuating morphological asymmetry (FA) has been a controversial issue in evolutionary studies. In the present investigation, relationships between overall individual heterozygosity (H), calculated over 13 polymorphic enzyme loci, and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in 27 non-metric and 9 metric bilateral skull and mandible traits were examined in a total of 417 brown hares. The respective tests were performed separately for juveniles and adults within and among five geographic arrays of samples, and among 17 single sampling localities. Within geographic units, neither in metric nor in non-metric characters could a clear relationship between FA and H be detected. Among geographic units and single sampling localities, for metric traits the result remained the same. In non-metric traits, however, a significant negative correlation between overall FA and H became apparent in adults. Thus, fluctuating asymmetry and heterozygosity are inversely related also in a mammalian species. The long lasting dispute as to the existence of a homeotherm-poikilotherm dichotomy may have been the result of a disregard of non-metric traits and of an interpopulation approach for assessing relationships between morphological FA and H in mammals.

Bombardioidea stercoris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Faroe Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Bombardioidea stercoris, a dung-inhabiting fungus associated with Bos taurus, Cervidae, Lepus europaeus, L. timidus, Oryctolagus cuniculus and Ovis aries. Some information on its morphology, economic impacts, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Quebec), Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands/Malvinas, Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (Victoria), New Zealand, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark (including Faroe Islands), Estonia, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK and former Yugoslavia).

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry: A Technique for Measuring Developmental Stress Caused by Inbreeding

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Clarke ◽  
GW Brand ◽  
MJ Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
The Relationship

Fluctuating asymmetry has sometimes been employed to indicate disruption of developmental homeostasis. Such disruption is thought to be a result of increased developmental stress. In this study we examine the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and inbreeding level in two differing breeding systems: the marine harpacticoid copepod Tisbe holothuriae, a typically outbreeding diploid, and the common honeybee Apis melli/era, which is haplo-diploid. Inbreeding has previously been shown to constitute a developmental stress in populations of T. holothuriae, but the same is yet to be conclusively shown in A. melli/era.

scholarly journals An investigation ofEncephalitozoon cuniculiin the wild rabbitOryctolagus cuniculusin Victoria, Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Cox ◽  
D. Pye ◽  
J. W. Edmonds ◽  
Rosamond Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Laboratory Rabbit ◽  
Common Laboratory

SUMMARYSera from 823 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected from a number of geographic regions of Victoria, Australia over the past eight years were examined for antibodies toEncephalitozoon cuniculi, along with sera from 46 hares (Lepus europaeus) (Pallas) and 57 New Zealand wild rabbits. No sera were positive, implying that this common laboratory rabbit parasite is absent from wild rabbits in these areas. However, wild rabbits were found to be readily infected by the oral route with small numbers of tissue-culture-grown spores ofE. cuniculi. A possible explanation for the absence of encephalitozoonosis in wild rabbits is thatE. cuniculiinfection places them at a biological disadvantage for survival. The natural hygiene habit of wild rabbits may also significantly decrease post-natal infection.

Fluctuating asymmetry and parasitism in six New Zealand insects

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren F. Ward ◽  
Frédéric Thomas ◽  
Robert Poulin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry

scholarly journals Symmetry Preference as a Cognitive By-Product in Starlings

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Swaddle ◽  
R. Earl Clelland ◽  
Judy Che
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
Or Genes

AbstractThere has been a great deal of interest in whether animals use trait symmetry as a visual cue to mediate behavioural interactions. In bilaterally symmetric traits, small asymmetries (termed fluctuating asymmetry) appear due to increased developmental stress and/or genes for poor developmental homeostasis. Hence, researchers have hypothesized that symmetry can reveal the developmental history and, perhaps, fitness of an individual and this is why symmetry preferences have been observed. However, an additional theory suggests that symmetry could be preferred merely because it represents the average expression of bilateral traits. Animals can learn to respond to signals by generalizing (or averaging) stimulus sets. As the average expression of a trait showing fluctuating asymmetry is zero asymmetry, theory predicts that animals could develop a symmetry preference as a by-product of learning. Here, we test this prediction empirically with European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and show that symmetry preferences can emerge as an outcome of generalized learning processes. Our results indicate that symmetry does not initially need to be associated with fitness to be an apparent cue in behavioural interactions and that symmetry preferences observed in nature could be independent of any putative fitness relationships.

Fluctuating asymmetry in Podarcis muralis populations from Southern Montenegro: detection of environmental stress in insular populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Aleksic ◽  
Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic ◽  
Davor Bejakovic
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Podarcis Muralis ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Lake Skadar ◽  
Insular Populations

AbstractWe examined degree of between-sides difference in number of femoral pores (fluctuating asymmetry, FA) in Podarcis muralis populations, distributed on islands and in coastal area of Lake Skadar (Southern Montenegro). The aim of this study was to test sensitivity of fluctuating asymmetry of chosen trait to isolation effect in the absence of anthropogenic impacts. The results indicate that FA in the number of femoral pores do not vary significantly between insular populations of P. muralis. Generally, there is negative but non-significant correlation between island size and FA level. Also, overdominance hypothesis of enhanced developmental homeostasis at higher levels of heterozygosity was not confirmed in this study. The results support earlier conclusions obtained from electrophoretic studies, that analyzed insular populations from Lake Skadar archipelago still do not suffer deleterious effects as a result of isolation.

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