scholarly journals A review of the human retina with emphasis on nerve fibre layer and macula thicknesses

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khathutshelo P. Mashige ◽  
Olalekan A. Oduntan
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

The retina is the innermost neural layer of the eye, and is the site of transformation of light energy into a neural signal. Knowledge and assessment of the human retinal structural parameters are important for the appropriate diagnosis and management of various ocular diseases. For instance, potentially blinding eye diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macula degeneration, cause structural changes in the retina. Clinical evidence with ocular coherence tomography also suggests that eyes with glaucoma lose retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cells axons before loss of visual function. These losses appear as a visible change in the optic nerve head and can be seen before visual field abnormalities are noticed by the patient. This review discusses certain aspects (anatomical structures, structural changes with eye diseases and assessment methods) involving the human retina, their clinical importance and factors that may influence them. The content of this article will be useful to optometrists and ophthalmologists who assess these parameters in normal patients as well as in those with eye conditions such as glaucoma.Keywords: Retinal parameters; optic disc; nerve fibre layer thickness; macula thickness; glaucoma 

scholarly journals Evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness as a possible measure of diabetic retinal neurodegeneration in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319853
Author(s):  
Sidra Zafar ◽  
Kristen A Staggers ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Praveen J Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Retinal Neurodegeneration ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration ◽  
The Relationship

Background/aimsMarkers to clinically evaluate structural changes from diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) have not yet been established. To study the potential role of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness as a marker for DRN, we evaluated the relationship between diabetes, as well as glycaemic control irrespective of diabetes status and pRNFL thickness.MethodsLeveraging data from a population-based cohort, we used general linear mixed models (GLMMs) with a random intercept for patient and eye to assess the association between pRNFL thickness (measured using GDx) and demographic, systemic and ocular parameters after adjusting for typical scan score. GLMMs were also used to determine: (1) the relationship between: (A) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) irrespective of diabetes diagnosis and pRNFL thickness, (B) diabetes and pRNFL thickness and (2) which quadrants of pRNFL may be affected in participants with diabetes and in relation to HbA1c.Results7076 participants were included. After controlling for covariates, inferior pRNFL thickness was 0.94 µm lower (95% CI −1.28 µm to −0.60 µm), superior pRNFL thickness was 0.83 µm lower (95% CI −1.17 µm to −0.49 µm) and temporal pRNFL thickness was 1.33 µm higher (95% CI 0.99 µm to 1.67 µm) per unit increase in HbA1c. Nasal pRNFL thickness was not significantly associated with HbA1c (p=0.23). Similar trends were noted when diabetes was used as the predictor.ConclusionSuperior and inferior pRNFL was significantly thinner among those with higher HbA1c levels and/or diabetes, representing areas of the pRNFL that may be most affected by diabetes.

Glaucoma in myopia: diagnostic dilemmas

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Y Q Tan ◽  
Chelvin C A Sng ◽  
Jost B Jonas ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
Nomdo M Jansonius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

Myopic eyes have an increased risk of glaucoma. However, glaucomatous changes in a myopic eye are often difficult to detect. Classic structural and functional investigations to diagnose glaucoma may be confounded by myopia. Here, we identify some of the common pitfalls in interpreting these structural parameters, and the possible solutions that could be taken to overcome them. For instance, in myopic eyes, we discuss the limitations and potential sources of error when using neuroretinal rim parameters, and retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measurements. In addition, we also review new developments and potential adjuncts in structural imaging such as the assessment of the retinal nerve fibre layer texture, and the examination of the microcirculation of the optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography angiography. For the functional assessment of glaucoma, we discuss perimetric strategies that may aid in detecting characteristic visual field defects in myopic glaucoma. Ultimately, the evaluation of glaucoma in myopia requires a multimodal approach, to allow correlation between structural and functional assessments. This review provides overview on how to navigate this diagnostic dilemma.

Profile of retinal nerve fibre layer symmetry in a multiethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijin Tao ◽  
Yih Chung Tham ◽  
Miao Li Chee ◽  
Shivani Majithia ◽  
Sahil Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Disc Area ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

BackgroundTo examine the normative profile and determinants of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) symmetry in a non-glaucoma, multiethnic Asian population.MethodsChinese, Malay and Indian adults aged ≥40 years were recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study. Participants underwent standardised systemic and ocular examinations. RNFL thickness was obtained using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT). RNFL symmetry (in %) was calculated based on Pearson correlation coefficient between the RNFL thickness profiles of the right and left eyes. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between ocular and systemic factors with RNFL symmetry.Results4211 participants (1227 Chinese, 1245 Malays, 1739 Indians) were included. The mean RNFL symmetry was 86.7%±8.5% in Chinese, 84.7%±10.2% in Malays and 84.0%±10.7% in Indians. The fifth percentile limit of RNFL symmetry was 71.2% in Chinese, 65.0% in Malays and 62.0% in Indians. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, intereye absolute differences in intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length and disc area, Malays (β=−0.9; p=0.03) and Indians (β=−1.76; p<0.001) were found to have lower RNFL symmetry compared with Chinese. Older age, greater intereye differences in IOP, axial length and disc area were significantly associated with lower RNFL symmetry (all p≤0.003).ConclusionsIn non-glaucoma individuals, intereye RNFL profile is less symmetric in Malays and Indians than that in Chinese. This also suggests that current commercial optical coherence tomography’s deployment of a single, universal RNFL symmetry cut-off for glaucoma detection is flawed, and ethnic-specific cut-off is warranted.

scholarly journals Retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and choroid thinning in migraine with aura

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Ekinci ◽  
Erdinç Ceylan ◽  
Halil Hüseyin Çağatay ◽  
Sadullah Keleş ◽  
Nergiz Hüseyinoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer
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