scholarly journals Risk awareness and sexual relationships among youth in the Johannesburg area

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F G Netswera
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

The increase in the reported rate of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and sexually transmitted infections among the youth of South Africa has led to a rise in awareness campaigns to combat these epidemics. Opsomming Die toename in die aangemelde koers van menslike immuniteits-gebreksindroom (MIV), verworwe immuniteitsgebreksindroom (VIGS) en seksueel oordraagbare infeksies onder die jeug in Suid-Afrika het tot ’n toename in bewuswordingsveldtogte gelei om hierdie epidemie hok te slaan. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

scholarly journals The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarckian?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burr ◽  
J. M. Hyman ◽  
Gerald Myers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) group M exhibit a remarkable similarity in their between–subtype distances, which we refer to as high synchrony. The shape of the phylogenetic tree of these subtypes is referred to as a sunburst to distinguish it from a simple star phylogeny. Neither a sunburst pattern nor a comparable degree of symmetry is seen in a natural process such as in feline immunodeficiency virus evolution. We therefore have undertaken forward–process simulation studies employing coalescent theory to investigate whether such highly synchronized subtypes could be readily produced by natural Darwinian evolution. The forward model includes both classical (macro) and molecular (micro) epidemiological components. HIV–1 group M subtype synchrony is quantified using the standard deviation of the between–subtype distances and the average of the within–subtype distances. Highly synchronized subtypes and a sunburst phylogeny are not observed in our simulated data, leading to the conclusion that a quasi–Lamarckian, punctuated event occurred. The natural transfer theory for the origin of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cannot easily be reconciled with these findings and it is as if a recent non–Darwinian process took place coincident with the rise of AIDS in Africa.

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