scholarly journals Osteoarthropathy of unknown aetiology in the long bones of farmed and wild Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz W. Huchzermeyer ◽  
Herman B. Groenewald ◽  
Jan G. Myburgh ◽  
Johan C.A. Steyl ◽  
Martina R. Crole
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Bone Pathology ◽  
Articular Pathology

Humeri of farmed and wild Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) collected during routine post-mortem examinations were boiled, cleaned and examined for lesions. Various degrees of gross bone and articular pathology were found. The lesions were situated predominantly at the proximal and distal epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of the bone, where growth and bone remodelling occurs. In advanced cases partial collapse of the articular surface could be identified. From the collection of crocodile bones five particular cases are described. Because of the wide distribution of origin of the affected animals, nutritional or toxicological causes seem unlikely. One of the cases presented was associated with mycoplasmosis. These forms of crocodilian bone pathology need further investigation.

Sex determination by discriminant function analysis using the human tibia in a Central Indian population

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preetika M Chatterjee ◽  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
RK Singh ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Nutrient Foramen

In human beings, sexual dimorphism can be well distinguished in almost every bone of the skeleton. Establishing a reliable biological profile is the foremost step in identifying human skeletal remains. Sex determination along with the estimation of age, stature and ancestry comprise the important parameters in establishing a biological profile. The pelvis and skull are considered the most reliable bones in sexing human remains. In the absence of the pelvis and skull, forensic scientists must rely upon other parts of the skeleton for sex assessment. Determination of sex from long bones based on morphological traits can be a challenging task, as there are a few morphological differences between the sexes for long bones. However, metric variations can prove to be helpful, as they are reproducible and more reliable. Metric analysis also has the added benefit of being less biased than nonmetric analysis. This study aimed to establish sex determination standards from tibiae using discriminant function analysis. A total of 17 measurements were taken on 162 dry tibiae (116 males and 46 females) of known sex and in the age range 20–60 years. Discriminant function analysis was performed to derive models for sexing of the tibiae. The breadth of the medial articular surface was observed to be the best parameter for sex prediction from metric measurements of the tibia. In stepwise analysis, only seven parameters – namely, the breadth of the medial articular surface, the condylo-malleolar length, the circumference at the nutrient foramen, the breadth of the lateral articular surface, the maximum length, the transverse diameter in the middle of the bone and the transverse diameter at the level of the nutrient foramen – were entered into the discriminant functions. Overall, the accuracy of sexing was observed to be 93.8% and 95% with the direct method and the stepwise method, respectively. This study provides a database and standards for sex estimation from tibiae based on discriminant function models. This investigation further concludes that tibiae can be used for sex determination in forensic examinations.

Role of subchondral bone remodelling in collapse of the articular surface of Thoroughbred racehorses with palmar osteochondral disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bani Hassan ◽  
M. Mirams ◽  
A. Ghasem-Zadeh ◽  
E. J. Mackie ◽  
R. C. Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses

scholarly journals A Histological Study of Postnatal Development of Clavicle Articular Ends

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Calixto ◽  
Rodrigo Penagos ◽  
Lina Jaramillo ◽  
María Lucia Guitierrez ◽  
Diego Garzón-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Ossification Centre ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Ossification Process ◽  
Shed Light

The clavicle is the first bone to begin the process of ossification and the last one to complete it. Whilst histological studies of the clavicle have been focused mainly on embryonic events, our study focused on post natal clavicle development. The objective of this study was to perform a qualitative description of the clavicle’s epiphyseal growth to further shed light on the postnatal ossification process. Histological studies performed on clavicles obtained from cadavers confirmed medial and lateral extremities as true physes. Unlike the development of other long bones, no secondary ossification centre was present at the acromial end. Furthermore, appearance of the sternal end was observed after the age of 18, as evidenced in clavicles from a 19-year old individual. The articular surface of the clavicle’s acromial end was fibrocartilage. No histological studies have been performed before describing postnatal development of clavicular ends. Our data confirm the absence of an acromial secondary ossification centre, the late development of a secondary ossification centre at the sternal end, and the presence of fibrocartilage at the acromial end.

scholarly journals An anterior sauropod caudal from the Peterborough Oxford Clay: Whose tail is it anyway?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke M Holwerda ◽  
Jeff J Liston
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Posterior Side ◽  
Neural Canal

The Callovian Oxford Clay of England has yielded a rich and diverse marine fauna, mainly discovered and described by Alfred Leeds. However, occasionally it also brought forth terrestrial fossils, including four isolated cases of sauropod remains, one of a stegosaurid, and another of a dryosaurid. Thus far, only Cetiosaurus oxoniensis and Cetiosauriscus stewarti are confirmed sauropod taxa from these beds. Here, we describe an isolated sauropod anterior caudal vertebra from the Oxford Clay near Peterborough. Incomplete, it has been immersed in seawater post-mortem, indicated by the adhesion of molluscs, but some characters can nevertheless be used for diagnosis and comparisons. The anterior articular surface is round, whereas the posterior articular surface is heart- shaped, as in many eusauropods, including Cetiosaurus. Interestingly, the ventral surface shows a keel-like structure; a character shared with neosauropods (e.g. Barosaurus) but also with an as yet unnamed Middle Jurassic sauropod caudal from York, UK. The posterior side of the neural canal is teardrop-shaped, a character shared with most basal eusauropods. Below the posterior neural canal, a lip-like structure seems to be present; a character which is shared with Cetiosaurus. However, the anterior caudal transverse process (ACTP) complex is similar to, although more pronounced than Cetiosauriscus, being more similar to more derived sauropods (Neosauropoda). Thus, an incomplete isolated element may help elucidate sauropod species diversity and dispersal in the Middle Jurassic of England.

scholarly journals Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Remmelink ◽  
Ricardo De Mendonça ◽  
Nicky D’Haene ◽  
Sarah De Clercq ◽  
Camille Verocq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Great Heterogeneity

AbstractBackgroundPost-mortem studies can provide important information for understanding new diseases and small autopsy case series have already reported different findings in COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe evaluated whether some specific post-mortem features are observed in these patients and if these changes are related to the presence of the virus in different organs. Complete macroscopic and microscopic autopsies were performed on different organs in 17 COVID-19 non-survivors. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lung samples and with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in lung and other organs.ResultsPulmonary findings revealed early-stage diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in 15 out of 17 patients and microthrombi in small lung arteries in 11 patients. Late-stage DAD, atypical pneumocytes and/or acute pneumonia were also observed. Four lung infarcts, two acute myocardial infarctions and one ischemic enteritis were observed. There was no evidence of myocarditis, hepatitis or encephalitis. Kidney evaluation revealed the presence of hemosiderin in tubules or pigmented casts in most patients. Spongiosis and vascular congestion were the most frequently encountered brain lesions. No specific SARS-CoV-2 lesions were observed in any organ. IHC revealed positive cells with a heterogeneous distribution in the lungs of 11 of the 17 (65%) patients; RT-PCR yielded a wide distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues, with 8 patients showing viral presence in all tested organs (i.e. lung, heart, spleen, liver, colon, kidney and brain).ConclusionsIn conclusion, autopsies revealed a great heterogeneity of COVID-19-related organ injury and the remarkable absence of any specific viral lesions, even when RT-PCR identified the presence of the virus in many organs.

A comparison of bone remodelling around hydroxyapatite-coated, porous-coated and grit-blasted hip replacements retrieved at post-mortem

2001 ◽  
Vol 83-B (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Coathup ◽  
G. W. Blunn ◽  
N. Flynn ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
N. P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Hip Replacements

scholarly journals An anterior sauropod caudal from the Peterborough Oxford Clay: Whose tail is it anyway?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke M Holwerda ◽  
Jeff J Liston
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Posterior Side ◽  
Neural Canal

The Callovian Oxford Clay of England has yielded a rich and diverse marine fauna, mainly discovered and described by Alfred Leeds. However, occasionally it also brought forth terrestrial fossils, including four isolated cases of sauropod remains, one of a stegosaurid, and another of a dryosaurid. Thus far, only Cetiosaurus oxoniensis and Cetiosauriscus stewarti are confirmed sauropod taxa from these beds. Here, we describe an isolated sauropod anterior caudal vertebra from the Oxford Clay near Peterborough. Incomplete, it has been immersed in seawater post-mortem, indicated by the adhesion of molluscs, but some characters can nevertheless be used for diagnosis and comparisons. The anterior articular surface is round, whereas the posterior articular surface is heart- shaped, as in many eusauropods, including Cetiosaurus. Interestingly, the ventral surface shows a keel-like structure; a character shared with neosauropods (e.g. Barosaurus) but also with an as yet unnamed Middle Jurassic sauropod caudal from York, UK. The posterior side of the neural canal is teardrop-shaped, a character shared with most basal eusauropods. Below the posterior neural canal, a lip-like structure seems to be present; a character which is shared with Cetiosaurus. However, the anterior caudal transverse process (ACTP) complex is similar to, although more pronounced than Cetiosauriscus, being more similar to more derived sauropods (Neosauropoda). Thus, an incomplete isolated element may help elucidate sauropod species diversity and dispersal in the Middle Jurassic of England.

Chondroblastoma of the Foot

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lcdr Brett R. Fink ◽  
Maj H. Thomas ◽  
Maj Francis M. Chiricosta ◽  
Mark S. Mizel ◽  
Mark D. Murphey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Walter Reed Army Medical ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matrix Production

A total of 322 cases of chondroblastoma were referred to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology between 1960 and 1990. Ten additional cases of chondroblastoma were treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 1985 and 1993. Forty-two of these involved the foot, two of which were treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Patients with chondroblastoma of the foot were male in 35 (81%) cases, with a mean age of 25.5 years, which was significantly different from the mean age of 17.3 years in patients with chondroblastoma of the long bones (P < 0.0001). Chondroblastoma of the foot is most commonly found in the posterior subchondral areas of the talus and calcaneus as well as in the calcaneal apophysis. Radiographically, the lesion was associated with an articular surface or apophyseal area in all cases and appeared radiolucent, with little to no matrix production. The margins were generally well defined. Cystic features were noted grossly and histologically in 24 (57%) specimens, a feature seen in only 21% of all chondroblastomas overall. Treatment consists of thorough curetting and bone grafting with good oncologic and functional results.

scholarly journals Pathological fractures of long bones of the skeleton in children and adolescents in benign tumors and tumor-like diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
A. I Snetkov ◽  
S. Yu Batrakov ◽  
A. D Akinshina ◽  
V. A Gorelov ◽  
S. G Balametov
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Fracture ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Osteofibrous Dysplasia ◽  
Bone Pathology ◽  
Pathological Fractures ◽  
National Medical

This article provides an analysis of 82 patients for the period from 2000 to 2018 aged 5 to 18 years with pathological fractures of the long bones of the skeleton on the basis of benign tumors and tumor-like diseases. Most often, fractures were observed with a solitary bone cysts - 24, an aneurysmal bone cyst - 19, fibrous dysplasia - 20, neosteogenic fibroma - 7, Ollier’s disease - 6, osteofibrous dysplasia - 2, giant-cell tumor - 3, hemangioma - 1. On the basis of the Department of Pediatric Bone Pathology and Adolescent Orthopedics of N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics all patients underwent a comprehensive physical exams and surgical treatment. The clinical and radiological picture was studied and the features of the course of pathological fractures were revealed depending on the nosology of the tumor process. It is shown that when a pathological fracture occurs, the treatment approach should be individualized depending on the location of the focus, the patient’s age and nosology.

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