scholarly journals The challenge of transformation: Breaking the barriers

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change

One of the most commonly used concepts in post-apartheid South Africa is undoubtedly the concept ‘transformation’. In order to strip this concept of its ‘bewitchments’ (Nietzsche; Wittgenstein) a conceptual analysis is made of the meaning and usage of the term. In view of the distinction between first order change and second order change, the need for transformation (ethical and strategic), the resistance against transformation (systemic and individual) and the execution and management of transformation is discussed.

scholarly journals Fatalistic first-order computation, free will delusion and conscious experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Deterministic Algorithm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change ◽  
Physical Laws

The first-order change is the change of the state of a physical object (or pattern) which is governed by the physical laws (or rules). The second-order change is the change of the state of a physical object (or pattern) which breaks the physical laws (or rules), so it is impossible in real world. In Conway’s Game of Life, within a pattern (pattern-A), a deterministic algorithm (algorithm-A) is used to solve a problem of the real world. (Actually, this problem will be automatically solved by the first-order change.) Inside algorithm-A, a model (model-AW) is created to represent the real world, and a second-order change can be applied to model-AW. If algorithm-A realized itself to be a deterministic algorithm inside a pattern, and realized that a second-order change is impossible to the real world, while a second-order change is possible to its model of the real world (model-AW), then algorithm-A can distinguish the real world and its model (model-AW) conceptually through this difference. The physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. If the time in our universe is discrete, our universe is a stochastic cellular automaton, and each generation is computed out based on the precedent generation and updating rules; let us call this computation the first-order computation. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation. Due to the completely subjective nature of the conscious experience, it’s impossible to reach any agreement on the nature of the conscious experience between any two individuals.

The Effects of Organizational Restructuring on Frames of Reference and Cooperation

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Bartunek ◽  
Frank J. Franzak
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Organizational Restructuring ◽  
First Order ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Restructuring Process ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change ◽  
Types Of Change

Organizational researchers have distinguished between first order change (improvements within already acceptedframeworks) and second order change (discontinuous shifts in frameworks). These types of change, when assessed quantitatively, have been labeled "alpha" and "'gamma" change. The study reported in this paper investigated an organizational restructuring attempt to achieve a first order (alpha) increase in cooperation and a second order (gamma) change in organization members' understanding of factors associated with importance in the organization. The restructuring process studied was an internal merger in a religious order. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both types of change occurred.

scholarly journals Ontferming “beyond” vergeving als weg naar heling en heelheid: “Reframing” als narratief-pastorale bemachtiging

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiny Van der Schaaf ◽  
Yolanda Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Donald Capps ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
First Order ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Pastoral Counselling ◽  
Second Order Change

Mercy beyond forgiveness as a way to healing and wholeness: Reframing as narrative pastoral empowermentThe theme of this article is pastoral counselling with women who have been sexually violated in an ecclesial context. The article focuses on the exegesis of those passages on guilt and forgiveness in the Gospel of Matthew frequently used by theologians and pastors in this regard. The article points to the implications for counselling. The aim is to empower women who have been violated and who struggle with the Christian imperative to forgive. Donald Capps’ notion of “reframing” with regard to “first order” and “second order” change is complemented by the narrative philosophy of Paul Ricoeur on prefiguartion, configuration and refiguartion. The article is concluded by indicating a possibility for the abused woman to be liberated from the lingering power of the abuser. There is no direct link between them any longer. To become whole is the acceptance of forgiveness and to empower others to heal.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE: THE NEED FOR SECOND-ORDER CHANGE

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD A. JASON ◽  
BRADLEY D. OLSON ◽  
JOSEPH R. FERRARI ◽  
MARGARET I. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change

scholarly journals Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Observations of Animal Minds

Philosophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Parellada
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
First Order

AbstractThe relation between conceptual analysis and empirical observations when ascribing or denying concepts and beliefs to non-human animals is not straightforward. In order to reflect on this relation, I focus on two theoretical proposals (Davidson’s and Allen’s) and one empirical case (vervet monkeys’ alarm calls), the three of which are permanently discussed and considered in the literature on animal cognition. First, I review briefly Davidson’s arguments for denying thought to non-linguistic animals. Second, I review Allen’s criteria for ascribing concepts to creatures capable of correcting their discriminatory powers by taking into account their previous errors. Allen affirms that this is an empirical proposal which offers good reasons, but not necessary or sufficient conditions, for concept attribution. Against Allen, I argue that his important proposal is not an empirical, but a conceptual one. Third, I resort to vervet monkeys to show that Allen’s criteria, and not Davidson’s, are very relevant for ascribing first-order and denying second-order beliefs to this species and thus make sense of the idea of animal cognition.

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