Scientific Method and Action Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 76-88
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shotter

Three themes seem to be common to both Greenwood’s and Gustavsen’s accounts: One is the social isolation of professional [research] elites from the concerns of ordinary people, which connects with another: the privileging of theory over practice. Both of these are connected, however, with a third: the great, unresolved struggle of ordinary people to gain control over their own lives, to escape from schemes imposed on them by powerful elites, and to build a genuinely participatory culture. An understanding of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, and the recognition of its striking differences from any previous philosophical works, can make some important contributions to all these issues. Wittgenstein’s aim is not, by the use of reason and argument, to establish any foundational principles to do with the nature of knowledge, perception, the structure of our world, scientific method, etc. Instead, he is concerned to inquire into the actual ways available to us of possibly making sense in the many different practical activities we share in our everyday lives together: “We are not seeking to discover anything entirely new, only what is already in plain view.”


Author(s):  
Rafael Paim ◽  
Amanda Costa ◽  
Jonathan De Carvalho ◽  
Inácio Araripe Costa Lima

The study aimed to apply Lean Healthcare concepts and tools in surgical scheduling process. The intention was to structure and implement an appointment-scheduling central that was able to manage more effectively the demand for elective obstetrical surgeries in a neonatal maternity. The study used action research as a scientific method in order to solve a problem encountered in scheduling procedures involving employees in a cooperative and participatory improvement initiative. The method used was based on literature review, benchmarking visits and studies to identify good practices, and on current working condition analysis and comparison of indicators before and after the intervention.  The Lean and TOC theoretical frameworks was used to improve the process, creating value for the patients and professionals, conducting root-cause analysis, identifying wastes and constrains, and proposing and implementing solutions. Using action research in the study and applying the concepts and tools was possible to reach different results as the 70% reduction in cancellations, the increase in the number of procedures scheduled in the units, and increased 97% level of appointment scheduling service among other results.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Eni Mulyani ◽  
Ifan Iskandar

Abstract   The objectives of this study were to find out the effect of implementation of scientific method assisted by graphic media to improve students' English speaking skills. The research used action research design. The subjects were 30 second year eight class students of SMPN 1 Cikidang Sukabumi. Observation, interviews, stionnaires, and documentation were employed to collect the data of the students‟ learning ctivities and speaking tests were conducted to identify students‟ speaking achievement. In the scientific method students carry out observing, asking, trying, reasoning and communicating activities, where these activities can train students to speak English. The implementation of this study by applying the scientific method assisted by graphic media is as much as two cycles. In the pre-action stage there were 2 students with a percentage of learning completeness of 6.7%, after the action applied in the first cycle, as many as 8 students with a percentage of learning completeness 26.7% and English speaking skills of students after the second cycle, as many as 28 students with a percentage of 93.3% learning completeness. So, it can be concluded that the scientific method assisted by graphic media can improve English speaking skills of class VIII H students of SMPN 1 Cikidang Sukabumi.   Keyword:  scientific method, graphic media, English speaking skill.


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