Atypical Development of Gender Identity and Gender Role

BACKGROUND: Sex and gender affect responses to pain, but little is known about disability and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of sex and gender on disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with low back pain were included in this cross-sectional survey study. Disability, HRQOL and gender identity were respectively assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36 and Bem Sex Role Inventory. The participants were classified into four gender role orientations (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiated). One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze both the sex and the gender role orientation. RESULTS: Females had higher disability than males (p< 0.05), but in gender identity, no significant difference was found. Seven domains of HRQOL were lower than the healthy norms. Males experienced greater impacts than females on vitality and mental health (p< 0.05). For gender identity, five domains of HRQOL had significant differences (p< 0.05). Masculinity orientation had the least impact on four domains (p< 0.05), while undifferentiated orientation had the largest impact on all domains. CONCLUSION: Sex and gender effects can be used to analyze disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. Females have higher disability, while HRQOL is greatly influenced by different gender role orientations.

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Sex, Gender Identity, and Gender Role

Transvestism ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-024686-4.50008-3 ◽

1979 ◽

pp. 44-68

Author(s):

HARRY BRIERLEY

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

And Gender

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Gender identity and gender role in schizophrenia.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/0021-843x.88.1.68 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 68-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronald A. LaTorre ◽

William E. Piper

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

And Gender

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Testing the prenatal hormone hypothesis of tic-related disorders: Gender identity and gender role behavior

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s095457940404458x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

GERIANNE M. ALEXANDER ◽

BRADLEY S. PETERSON

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Role Behavior ◽

Gender Role Behavior ◽

And Gender

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Gender Differences in Sport Spectatorship and (Fe)male Adolescents’ Gender Identity, Experienced Pressure for Gender Conformity and Gender Role Attitudes

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.2018-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 233-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan Lagaert ◽

Mieke Van Houtte ◽

Henk Roose

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Male Involvement ◽

Gender Role Attitudes ◽

First Year ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Sports Fandom ◽

Gender Conformity ◽

And Gender

We study (fe)male adolescents’ interest in watching sports as a spectator using logistic multilevel analyses based on a representative sample of 5837 Flemish (Belgian) pupils in the first year of secondary education. To uncover the mechanisms behind the ‘gendering’ of passive sports consumption, this study evaluates how the gender gap (characterized by higher male involvement) relates to the gender identity, experienced pressures for gender-conforming behavior and gender role attitudes of the students. Results indicate that the gender gap in interest is to a large extent related to the studied mechanisms. The findings have implications for research on the feminization of sports fandom and call for further analysis of the processes behind the gender gap in consumption of different sports with masculine or feminine connotations and of on-site and TV spectatorship.

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Social and Interpersonal Aspects of Gender Identity Disorder

Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists ◽

10.1192/pb.1.5.7 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 7-7

Author(s):

John M. Annear

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Gender Identity Disorder ◽

Biological Sex ◽

And Gender

Biological sex, gender identity and gender role are concordant in most individuals. Transsexuals seek reassignment of gender role and anatomical sex to fit their gender identity. Thirteen males and three female transsexuals have been assessed.

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Symptomatology, psychosexual development and gender identity in 42 anorexic males

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170002496x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 409-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

M. M. Fichter ◽

C. Daser

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Identity Development ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Psychosexual Development ◽

Data Support ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Bulimic Symptoms ◽

Male Patients ◽

And Gender

SynopsisForty-two male patients with an anorexic syndrome were assessed. Twenty-nine of them had a primary anorexia nervosa (most of them also had bulimic symptoms). They were compared with a series of 23 female anorexia nervosa patients. The males scored more highly than female patients on a number of symptoms, but generally more similarities than differences in symptomatology were apparent. Male patients with primary anorexia nervosa also showed several signs of a disturbed psychosexual and gender identity development. The data support the hypothesis that males with atypical gender role behaviour have an increased risk for developing anorexia nervosa or bulimia in adolescence.

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Gender-role behaviour and gender identity in girls with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02742-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sumudu Nimali Seneviratne ◽

Umesh Jayarajah ◽

Shamaali Gunawardana ◽

Malik Samarasinghe ◽

Shamya de Silva

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽

Exploratory Analysis ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽

Related Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Gender

Abstract Introduction Girls with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to excess fetal adrenal androgens in-utero, and often born with masculinised genitalia. They are conventionally reared as females, but show more “boyish” gender-role behaviour (GRB) and gender-identity (GI) issues in childhood and adolescence. Male-rearing is also reported mainly due to delayed treatment and/or socio-cultural factors. We compared GRB/GI in girls with CAH with healthy age matched children, and explored for associations with socio-demographic and diagnosis/treatment related factors. Methods GRB and GI were assessed using the Gender Identity Questionnaire for children (GIQC) in 27 girls with classical CAH at a specialised clinic, and compared with 50 age-matched healthy controls, with exploratory-analysis based on socio-demographic and diagnosis/treatment-related factors. Results Girls with CAH had lower total GIQC scores compared to healthy children (3.29 vs. 4.04, p = < 0.001) with lower GRB score (3.39 vs. 4.23, p < 0.001), and tendency for lower GI score (3.19 vs. 3.5, p = 0.08). Exploratory analysis showed no differences based on diagnosis/treatment factors including age, degree of virilisation at diagnosis and surgical procedures. and only subtle changes based on ethnicity and maternal education. Discussion/conclusion Girls with CAH managed at a specialised centre showed more masculinised GRB and tendency for ambiguous GI, which did not vary upon diagnosis/treatment related factors, suggesting that prenatal androgen exposure was the likely contributor. Clinicians should be vigilant about the increased risk of gender-related problems in girls with CAH, irrespective of sociocultural background and despite early treatment.

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