FALL GROWTH AND WINTER SURVIVAL OF ALFALFA IN INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARRYL G. STOUT ◽  
JOHN W. HALL
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fall Growth

Extensive winter injury, likely caused by cold damage, occurred in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar yield tests underway at Kamloops, British Columbia during the 1985–1986 winter. Fall yield of cultivars during the year of seeding was negatively correlated with their winter survival (r = − 0.92 in one trial with 20 cultivars or strains, and r = − 0.74 in a second study with 34 cultivars or strains). Use of fall yield to predict winter survival has the advantage over the usual procedure of measuring plant height in space-planted plots, in that both total annual yield and fall growth can be evaluated in a single study. This results in a major saving of costs. Six cultivar studies all revealed that in the interior of British Columbia spring-summer yield is positively correlated to fall yield (r = 0.24 to 0.72). For this reason, selection of a cultivar with low fall growth to obtain high winter survival is likely to result in selection of a cultivar with reduced spring-summer yield.Key words: Medicago sativa, alfalfa, low temperature growth, winter injury, cold hardiness

FALL GROWTH AND STAND PERSISTENCE OF ALFALFA IN INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARRYL G. STOUT
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fall Growth

Stand persistence of eight alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars in the Interior of British Columbia was correlated to fall growth. A similar relationship has been reported for alfalfa winter survival and fall growth in other parts of North America. One alfalfa cultivar, Anik, did not fit this relationship, since it had little fall growth and low stand persistence. Although the relationship between fall growth and stand persistence appears useful for predicting cultivar stand persistence, major exceptions can occur.Key words: Winter injury, Medicago sativa, low temperature growth

The influence of light and diurnal freezing temperature on the cold hardiness of winter wheat seedlings

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
I. A. de la Roche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Growth

Seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivwn cv. Rideau and Cappelle Desprez) grown on moist filter paper in petri plates in dark at low temperature increased in cold hardiness, as measured by changes in the LD50 temperatures. Rideau attained an LD50 temperature of −12 °C after 5 weeks, Cappelle Desprez, −6 °C. Exposure to light delayed the maximum hardiness by 2 weeks and increased it by 6 °C in both cultivars. Exposure to diurnal freezing temperature increased hardiness of both cultivars in the dark, and in light when excessive dehydration was prevented.Greater cold hardiness of plants of both cultivars was attained in soil in light at low temperature as compared with those in petri plates. Exposure of plants to diurnal freezing temperature maintained a higher level of hardiness after the maximum at 7 weeks than continuous low temperature without freezing. Diurnal freezing during active low temperature growth in petri plates or in soil increased hardiness of Rideau seedlings to an apparent maximum of −18 °C.

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEAF FROST RESISTANCE TO THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF SEEDLING STANDS OF ALFALFA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
G. E. McLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Chamber

Plants propagated from single plant selections of the alfalfa cultivars Saranac and Luna (Medicago sativa L.), Beaver (M. media Pers.) and Anik (M. falcata L.) were transplanted into the field in May and subjected to a range of freezing temperatures at 3-wk intervals during August and September. A portable field freezing chamber was used to study the influence of frost on leaf injury in the fall and winterkill following the severe 1977–1978 winter. Leaves of all plants had the capacity to harden during the fall, but the selection from Anik was consistently the most frost hardy. Temperatures ranging from −4 to −5 °C in mid-August caused 50% leaf injury to the selections of Beaver, Saranac and Luna, while in late September, temperatures ranging from −9.5 to −10.5 °C were required to produce similar amounts of injury. In the Anik selection, −6 °C in mid-August caused 50% leaf injury, but in late September −12.5 °C caused less than 35% injury. Thus, the Anik selection appeared to start hardening about 3 wk earlier than all other selections. In all plants, the potential for winter injury during the 1977–1978 winter increased as a result of leaf frost damage during mid-August and early September in 1977. The application of these results to the winter survival of seedling stands of alfalfa is discussed.

Genetic analysis of cold hardiness and dormancy in alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Perry ◽  
M. S. McIntosh ◽  
W. J. Wiebold ◽  
Mark Welterlen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fall Growth

Cold hardiness and fall dormancy in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are positively associated, although this relationship is not always desirable for maximum production. The purpose of this study was to determine basic genetic information about cold hardiness and dormancy utilizing six parents differing in their cold hardiness and fall dormancy and their S0 and S1 progeny. A 6 × 6 diallel analysis was conducted to determine differences in general and specific combining abilities. Parent–offspring regression analyses were used to estimate heritabilities for cold hardiness and fall dormancy. Fall dormancy was measured as plant height 42 days after a final cut in September. Cold hardiness was measured using specific conductivity of exosmolyzed electrolytes of plant root tissues subjected to −8 °C. General combining abilities were significant for specific conductivity and height. Specific combining ability was also significant for specific conductivity. Mean values for S0 cross progeny were 11 to 13% higher than midparent values. Heritability estimates based on parent–offspring regression coefficients were 1.32 for specific conductivity and 0.72 for height.Significant positive phenotypic correlations were found for specific conductivity and fall growth for all generations except for height for S1 progeny. The correlations decreased with each successive generation. Genotypic correlations were positive, large, and increasing for each generation indicating large, negative, and decreasing environmental correlations. Linkage of these two traits is suggested. Selection for cold hardiness and fall growth would be rapid with proper breeding methods, but selection for high levels of both cold hardiness and fall growth would be difficult with the cultivars used in this study. Key words: cold hardiness, dormancy, alfalfa, Medicago sativa, conductivity, fall growth, phenotypic, genotypic.

BARRIER ALFALFA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. HANNA ◽  
H. C. HUANG
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Barrier is the first Canadian cultivar of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) developed with resistance to verticillium wilt disease. It also has very good resistance to bacterial wilt. Barrier is adapted to the irrigated areas in Southern Alberta and British Columbia where these diseases are prevalent.Key words: Medicago sativa L., alfalfa, cultivar description, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt

EFFECT OF GENERATION AND LOCATION OF SEED PRODUCTION ON GROWTH HABIT AND ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE IN ARC ALFALFA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
J. H. ELGIN Jr. ◽  
C. M. RINCKER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Fall Growth

Thirty-one seedlots of Arc alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), produced between 1971 and 1974 at Prosser, Wash.; Stanfield, Oreg.; and Shafter and Tehachapi, Calif., were evaluated for shifts in field growth habits (regrowth after cutting, winter injury, and date of flowering) and greenhouse anthracnose resistance. Seedlots represented one (Syn 2), two (Syn 3), and three (Syn 4) generations of increase beyond the original Syn 1 lot, grown under four diverse environments. Results indicated a tendency for shift in regrowth rate among the Syn 3 and Syn 4 generation seedlots produced at Shafter, Calif. No shift in regrowth rate was observed for the other locations and no significant trends away from the original lot were observed for winter injury, date of flowering or anthracnose resistance.Key words: Medicago sativa L., seed production, genetic shifts, anthracnose resistance, fall growth, regrowth

CHANGES IN COLD HARDINESS ACCOMPANYING DEVELOPMENT IN WINTER WHEAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts ◽  
M. N. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance ◽  
Exact Timing

The cold resistance of 18 varieties of winter wheat hardened in a growth chamber was studied at various stages of development and the results were compared with the field survival of these varieties.In the growth chamber two maxima of cold resistance were found, the first for the dry or freshly moistened seed and the second when plants had approximately 4 to 6 leaves. Varietal differences were found in the exact timing of this second maximum and in its duration. As a result, some varieties changed their rank for cold resistance as they developed.Partial agreement was observed between the field survival of varieties sown at different dates and the changes in cold resistance of these varieties as they developed in the growth chamber.From these tests, a procedure has been developed that should enable fairly reliable predictions to be made of field survival of winter wheat in any area where low-temperature resistance is the major factor in winter survival.

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