Care Recipient Diagnosis Moderates the Relationship Between Caregiver Worry and Vigilance

Family members of persons diagnosed with dementia or a traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often relied upon to provide daily support to their care recipients. However, research on the differing experiences of caregivers based on care recipient diagnosis is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of worry and feelings of vigilance among caregivers of people with cognitive impairment due to either TBI or dementia. This sample included 61 caregivers (88.5% female, mean age 57.3±15.5) of persons with either a TBI (n = 32) or dementia (n = 29). Worry was assessed with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Vigilance was assessed with the Caregiver Vigilance Scale. Linear regressions revealed that after controlling for age, care recipient diagnosis moderated the relationship between worry and caregiver vigilance. Specifically, worry was significantly associated with caregiver vigilance in those caring for someone with dementia; however, a similar relationship was not seen in those caring for someone with a TBI. This suggests caregivers of people with TBIs have a different experience of worry and vigilance than caregivers of people with dementia. These findings demonstrate the need for more research on the unique needs of caregivers of people with TBIs. Additionally, this research suggests interventions targeting worry may be particularly effective in supporting caregivers of people with TBIs.

The Interpreter as Actor: Towards a Theatre-Informed Interpreting pedagogy

One of the many ways in which metaphorical language has been used to describe spoken language interpreting has drawn on the similarities the interpreters’ work shares with that of stage actors endeavouring to imitate the style and demeanour of different speakers. The parallels between interpreters and actors, however, run much deeper: both share a similar relationship with the written and spoken word; both rely on their verbal and non-verbal communication skills to encode and decode information transmitted in real time in front of an audience; both receive immediate feedback on their performance and rely on similar tools when preparing for one. By outlining the main areas in which their working and training paths intersect, it is the aim of this study to attempt to chart the interfaces between interpreters and actors and thereby contribute to the development of a theatre-informed interpreting pedagogy.

The Relationship Between Perceived Confidence, Gender, and Writing in a Biomedical Engineering REU Site

Women frequently feel alienated in STEM environments due to gender biases, ultimately leading them to feel less competent or leave the field altogether. This study utilizes personal statements from a subset of participants from a National Science Foundation funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site: Biomedical Engineering in Simulations, Imaging, and Modeling (BME-SIM) to investigate how confidence is shown by participants and how confidence is perceived by faculty reviewers in personal statements. This study compares feedback from faculty reviewers to perceived and self-reported confidence using lexical (i.e., word choices and use) and syntactic (i.e., structures of language segments such as sentences, phrases, organization of words) features of these personal statements. Women received more negative feedback related to confidence compared to their male counterparts, notably in relation to modesty. Few differences were found between writing styles of genders in their pre- and post-program statements. Overall, writing styles did not seem to correlate with the genders' perceived or self-reported confidence; however, perception of confidence suggested a relationship between genders' pre- and post-program statements when examined by noun and adjective variation. A similar relationship was found between self-reported confidence and noun variation in men and women participants. Findings suggest that writing style perceptions and practices may be influenced by gender norms; however, without looking at the specific diction and content of personal statements, these conclusions cannot be fully established.

The Divergent Mental Health Effects of Dashed Expectations and Unfulfilled Aspirations: Evidence from American Lawyers’ Careers

Considerable work has shown that optimistic future orientations can be a resource for resilience across individuals’ lives. At the same time, research has shown little downside to “shooting for the stars” and failing. Here, we bring these competing insights to the study of lawyers’ careers, investigating the relationship between mental health and failure in achieving desired career advancement. To do this, we differentiate between expectations and aspirations for the future, a conceptual distinction that has been much theorized but little tested. Using longitudinal data, we show that dashed expectations of making partner are associated with depreciated mental health outcomes, whereas a similar relationship does not exist for unfulfilled aspirations. We conclude that inasmuch as expectations are more deeply rooted in an individual’s realistic sense of their future self, failing to achieve what is expected is more psychologically damaging than failing to achieve what is simply aspired. Our findings contrast with studies of younger people that demonstrate fewer consequences for unfulfilled future orientations, and so we highlight the importance of specifying how particular future-oriented beliefs fit into distinct career and life course trajectories, for better or for worse. In the process, we contribute to the academic literatures on future orientations, work, and mental health.

Critical and Subcritical Anisotropic Trudinger–Moser Inequalities on the Entire Euclidean Spaces

We investigate the subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequality in the entire space ℝ N , obtain the asymptotic behavior of the supremum for the subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities on the entire Euclidean spaces, and provide a precise relationship between the supremums for the critical and subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities. Furthermore, we can prove critical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities under the nonhomogenous norm restriction and obtain a similar relationship with the supremums of subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities.

Universal inverse square relationship between heart rate variability and heart rate

In our previous study, we analyzed heart rate variability and heart rate from a large variety of cardiac preparations (including humans, living animals, Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts, and single sinoatrial nodal cells) in diverse species, combining our data with those of previously published articles. The analysis revealed that regardless of conditions, heart rate variability (for the purposes of the study assessed as standard deviation) of beat-to-beat intervals heart rate follows a universal exponential decay-like relationship. Numerical simulations of DI variability by adding a randomly fluctuating term to net current revealed a similar relationship. In the present study, using a Taylor series, we found that this relationship is, in fact, inverse square, and we derive an explicit formula for sd(CL) vs. heart rate with biophysically meaningful parameters.

What is the Link Between Mental Imagery and Sensory Sensitivity? Insights from Aphantasia

People with aphantasia have impoverished visual imagery so struggle to form mental pictures in the mind's eye. By testing people with and without aphantasia, we investigate the relationship between sensory imagery and sensory sensitivity (i.e., hyper- or hypo-reactivity to incoming signals through the sense organs). In Experiment 1 we first show that people with aphantasia report impaired imagery across multiple domains (e.g., olfactory, gustatory etc.) rather than simply vision. Importantly, we also show that imagery is related to sensory sensitivity: aphantasics reported not only lower imagery, but also lower sensory sensitivity. In Experiment 2, we showed a similar relationship between imagery and sensitivity in the general population. Finally, in Experiment 3 we found behavioural corroboration in a Pattern Glare Task, in which aphantasics experienced less visual discomfort and fewer visual distortions typically associated with sensory sensitivity. Our results suggest for the very first time that sensory imagery and sensory sensitivity are related, and that aphantasics are characterised by both lower imagery, and lower sensitivity. Our results also suggest that aphantasia (absence of visual imagery) may be more accurately defined as a subtype of a broader imagery deficit we name dysikonesia, in which weak or absent imagery occurs across multiple senses.

Strategic Competition Between Private Labels and National Brands in a Vertically Linked Market

Over the past decades, the rapid emergence of private labels (PL) has created stiff competition for many established manufacturers of national brands (NB). Retailers are using PL products as a competitive weapon against NB. The present study develops and tests different theoretical models of competition under different retailer-manufacturer production arrangements for private labels using the Non-Nested Model Comparison (NNMC) approach and their impact on the pricing strategies of PLs and NBs in the Canadian retail market. The theoretical model shows that a retailer earns the highest profit when it behaves as a leader and makes the least profit when it behaves as a follower; a similar relationship holds for the NB manufacturer under different PL production arrangements. The total industry profit is the highest when the retailer and NB manufacturer behaves in a Bertrand Nash manner. Empirical results of the study show no consistent pattern of competitive interaction under various production arrangements of PL products.

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/43

A metaphor is the use of a word in a non-original meaning to a similar relationship with evidence that is prohibited from the original meaning. It is known that the metaphor is not understood without the context in which it is based. For the researcher who studies its conditions, he must understand its context and find out the meaning. From here, we preferred to study the rhetorical structure in the Tafseer of a scholar Ibn Ashur who is known for his own understanding of the Qur’anic text, in order to investigate the connotations of metaphor on the one hand, and to find out his understanding of Quranic metaphor on the other hand. This research aims to highlight the impact of metaphor in Tafseer of Ibn Ashur and explore his rhetorical thinking, relying on the analytical and rhetorical method.