scholarly journals LONG-TERM TILLAGE EFFECTS ON CONTINUOUS CORN YIELDS

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Bailey ◽  
J. B. Swan ◽  
R L. Higgs ◽  
W. H. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Corn

Long-term N inputs shape microbial communities more strongly than current-year inputs in soils under 10-year continuous corn cropping

2021 ◽  
pp. 108361
Author(s):  
Micaela Tosi ◽  
William Deen ◽  
Rhae Drijber ◽  
Morgan McPherson ◽  
Ashley Stengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Continuous Corn

scholarly journals Soil properties after 36 years of N fertilization under continuous corn and corn-soybean management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakian Kim ◽  
Gevan D. Behnke ◽  
María B. Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Continuous Corn

Abstract. Modern agricultural systems rely on inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization to enhance crop yields, but its overuse may negatively affect soil properties. Our objective was to investigate the effect of long-term N fertilization on key soil properties under continuous corn [Zea mays L.] (CCC) and both the corn (Cs) and soybean [Glycine max L. Merr.] (Sc) phases of a corn-soybean rotation. Research plots were established in 1981 with treatments arranged as a split-plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot was crop rotation (CCC, Cs, and Sc), and the subplots were N fertilizer rates of 0 kg N ha−1 (N0, controls), and 202 kg N ha−1, and 269 kg N ha−1 (N202, and N269, respectively). After 36 years and within the CCC, the yearly addition of N269 compared to unfertilized controls significantly increased cation exchange capacity (CEC, 65 % higher under N269) and acidified the top 15 cm of the soil (pH 4.8 vs. pH 6.5). Soil organic matter (SOM) and total carbon stocks (TCs) were not affected by treatments, yet water aggregate stability (WAS) decreased by 6.7 % within the soybean phase of the CS rotation compared to CCC. Soil bulk density (BD) decreased with increased fertilization by 5 % from N0 to N269. Although ammonium (NH4+) did not differ by treatments, nitrate (NO3−) increased eight-fold with N269 compared to N0, implying increased nitrification. Soils of unfertilized controls under CCC have over twice the available phosphorus level (P) and 40 % more potassium (K) than the soils of fertilized plots (N202 and N269). On average, corn yields increased 60 % with N fertilization compared to N0. Likewise, under N0, rotated corn yielded 45 % more than CCC; the addition of N (N202 and N269) decreased the crop rotation benefit to 17 %. Our results indicated that due to the increased level of corn residues returned to the soil in fertilized systems, long-term N fertilization improved WAS and BD, yet not SOM, at the cost of significant soil acidification and greater risk of N leaching and increased nitrous oxide emissions.

Surface Residue and In‐Row Treatment Effects on Long‐Term No‐Tillage Continuous Corn

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Swan ◽  
Roger L. Higgs ◽  
Theodore B. Bailey ◽  
Nyle C. Wollenhaupt ◽  
William H. Paulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Surface Residue ◽  
Continuous Corn

scholarly journals Soil N2 O emissions as affected by long-term residue removal and no-till practices in continuous corn

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 972-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwei Yuan ◽  
Kristin D. Greer ◽  
Emerson D. Nafziger ◽  
Maria B. Villamil ◽  
Cameron M. Pittelkow
Keyword(s):  
Residue Removal ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
No Till

Seedbank and Emerged Weed Communities Following Adoption of Glyphosate-Resistant Crops in a Long-Term Tillage and Rotation Study

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Sosnoskie ◽  
Catherine P. Herms ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Theodore M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Program ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Rotation Study

The compositions of the germinable weed seedbank and aboveground weed communities in a long-term tillage and rotation study were characterized 4, 5, and 6 yr (2002 to 2004) after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean. Averaged across rotation, mean germinable weed seed density and diversity were greatest in the no-tillage treatment as compared to the minimum- and conventional-tillage treatments. Averaged over tillage, density and diversity were greater in the corn–oat–hay (ryegrass + alfalfa) system as compared to the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotations. Similar trends in density and diversity were observed for the aboveground weed communities. Differences in community composition among treatments were quantified with the use of a multiresponse permutation procedure. Results indicated that the weed seedbank community in a corn–oat–hay rotational system differed from the communities associated with the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotational systems. Weed seedbank communities developing under a no-tillage operation differed from those in minimum- and conventional-tillage scenarios. Compositional differences among the aboveground weed communities were less pronounced in response to tillage and rotation. Indicator species analyses indicated that the number of significant indicator weed species was generally higher for no tillage than minimum or conventional tillage for both the seedbank and the aboveground weed communities. The number of significant indicator species for the seedbank and weed communities was generally greater in the three-crop rotation as compared to the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotations. The trends observed in density, diversity, and community composition after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybeans, and a glyphosate-dominated weed management program, were also observed when soil-applied herbicides were included in the study. We suggest that the switch to a POST-glyphosate protocol did not significantly alter weed communities in the short term in this study.

EFFECTS OF CROPPING SYSTEM ON STRUCTURE OF BROOKSTON CLAY LOAM IN LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS AT WOODSLEE, ONTARIO

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKEAGUE ◽  
C. A. FOX ◽  
J. A. STONE ◽  
R. PROTZ
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Water Desorption ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Loam Soil

Macro- and microstructure were described and water desorption characteristics were measured for a Brookston clay loam soil under different cropping systems. The Ap horizon of the long-term corn (Zea mays L.) plots differed markedly from those of a bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) plot and a never-cultivated plot as follows: massive as opposed to strongly structured, macroporosity (pore width > 60 μm) ≤ 6% as opposed to more than 10%, isolated pores as opposed to interconnected pores, bulk density 1.4–1.5 Mg m−3 as opposed to 1.0–1.3 Mg m−3. The Ap horizon of the rotation plots, oats (Avena sativa L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alfalfa, corn, differed from those of the continuous corn plots in having many more biopores larger than 0.5 mm in diameter (≥ 0.2% relative to ≤ 0.02%). Below a depth of 30 cm comparable horizons of soils from all plots were similar in structure, bulk density and water characteristic curves. Key words: Porosity, biopores, compaction, macromorphology, image analysis

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