Seedbank and Emerged Weed Communities Following Adoption of Glyphosate-Resistant Crops in a Long-Term Tillage and Rotation Study

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Sosnoskie ◽  
Catherine P. Herms ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Theodore M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Program ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Rotation Study

The compositions of the germinable weed seedbank and aboveground weed communities in a long-term tillage and rotation study were characterized 4, 5, and 6 yr (2002 to 2004) after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean. Averaged across rotation, mean germinable weed seed density and diversity were greatest in the no-tillage treatment as compared to the minimum- and conventional-tillage treatments. Averaged over tillage, density and diversity were greater in the corn–oat–hay (ryegrass + alfalfa) system as compared to the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotations. Similar trends in density and diversity were observed for the aboveground weed communities. Differences in community composition among treatments were quantified with the use of a multiresponse permutation procedure. Results indicated that the weed seedbank community in a corn–oat–hay rotational system differed from the communities associated with the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotational systems. Weed seedbank communities developing under a no-tillage operation differed from those in minimum- and conventional-tillage scenarios. Compositional differences among the aboveground weed communities were less pronounced in response to tillage and rotation. Indicator species analyses indicated that the number of significant indicator weed species was generally higher for no tillage than minimum or conventional tillage for both the seedbank and the aboveground weed communities. The number of significant indicator species for the seedbank and weed communities was generally greater in the three-crop rotation as compared to the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotations. The trends observed in density, diversity, and community composition after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybeans, and a glyphosate-dominated weed management program, were also observed when soil-applied herbicides were included in the study. We suggest that the switch to a POST-glyphosate protocol did not significantly alter weed communities in the short term in this study.

Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Drewitz ◽  
David E. Stoltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Strip Tillage

AbstractPrevious research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea maysL.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years.Chenopodium albumdensities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities thanC. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, withC. albumaccounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

Long-Term Tillage Effects on Seed Banks in Three Ohio Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Emilie Regnier ◽  
Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Soils from long-term tillage plots at three locations in Ohio were sampled to determine composition and size of weed seed banks following 25 yr of continuous no-tillage, minimum-tillage, or conventional-tillage corn production. The same herbicide was applied across tillage treatments within each year and an untreated permanent grass sod was sampled for comparison. Seed numbers to a 15-cm depth were highest in the no-tillage treatment in the Crosby silt loam (77 800 m–2) and Wooster silt loam (8400 m–2) soils and in the grass sod (7400 m–2) in a Hoytville silty clay loam soil. Lowest seed numbers were found in conventional-tillage plots in the Wooster soil (400 m–2) and in minimum-tillage plots in the Crosby (2200 m–2) and Hoytville (400 m–2) soils. Concentration of seeds decreased with depth but the effect of tillage on seed depth was not consistent among soil types. Number of weed species was highest in permanent grass sod (10 to 18) and decreased as soil disturbance increased; weed populations were lowest in conventional tillage in the Hoytville soil. Common lambsquarters, pigweeds, and fall panicum were the most commonly found seeds in all soils. Diversity indices indicated that increased soil disturbance resulted in a decrease in species diversity. Weed populations the summer following soil sampling included common lambsquarters, pigweeds, fall panicum, and several species not detected in the seed bank.

scholarly journals Weed Seedbank Community Composition in a 35-Year-Old Tillage and Rotation Experiment

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 845C-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Marie Sosnoskie* ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Catherine Papp Herms ◽  
Matthew Kleinhenz
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Species Number ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Long Term Study

Community composition of the soil seedbank were characterized 35 years after the implementation of a long-term study involving cropping sequences (continuous corn, corn-soybean, corn-oat-hay) and tillage systems (conventional-, minimum- and no-tillage). Germinable seeds within the top 10 cm of soil in early spring were identified and enumerated in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Species diversity, which was characterized by richness (S), evenness (E) and the Shannon-Weiner index (H'), was significantly influenced by crop rotation rather than tillage. Generally, diversity measures were greatest in the corn-oat-hay sequences as compared to the corn-soybean rotations and the corn monoculture. Species richness and H' typically declined with increasing soil disturbance (no-tillage > minimum-tillage > conventional-tillage), whereas E increased with more intense tillage. A synthetic importance value (RI), incorporating both density and frequency measures, was generated for each species in each plot. Multiresponse permutation procedures (MRPP) were used to examine differences in weed community composition with respect to management system for all three years. Results suggest that the weed seed community in a corn-oat-hay rotational system differs substantially, in structure and composition, from communities associated with continuous corn and corn-soybean systems. No tillage systems were significantly different in composition as compared to conventional tillage and minimum tillage treatments. Crop sequence and tillage system are important cultural methods of shifting weed species number and diversity, and therefore, community structure. Manipulation of these factors could help to reduce the negative impact of weeds on crop production.

Weed seedbank community composition in a 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Sosnoskie ◽  
Catherine P. Herms ◽  
John Cardina
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Sequence

Knowledge about how the type, timing, and arrangement of cultural practices influence weed species composition is important for understanding the ecological results of control strategies and designing alternative crop management systems. We evaluated weed seed density, diversity, and community composition from 1997 to 1999 in a 35-yr-old study comparing cropping sequences (continuous corn, corn–soybean, corn–oat–hay) and tillage systems (conventional, minimum, and no-tillage) in Wooster, OH. Weed seedbank diversity, as measured by species richness (S), evenness (J), and the Shannon–Weiner index (H′), was influenced by crop diversity; mean values for each of the indices were generally higher for all combinations of the three-crop sequence than for the corn monoculture or the corn–soybean rotation. Except for 1998, mean seed density (to a depth of 10 cm) was higher in continuous cornthan in corn and soybean rotationsSpecies richness and seed density were also affected by tillage. Mean values forand mean germinable seedswere greatest in the no-tillage system, where the soil was disturbed only by the coulter units of the planter. Differences in weed seedbank community composition among tillage and rotation treatments were examined using two multivariate analyses. Using a multiresponse permutation procedure and canonical discriminant analysis, results suggest that the weed seed community in a corn–oat–hay rotational system differs in structure and composition from communities associated with continuous corn and corn–soybean systems. Additionally, germinable weed seed communities in no-tillage differed in composition from those in conventional and minimum tillage. Crop sequence and tillage system influenced weed species density and diversity and therefore community structure. Manipulation of these factors could help reduce the negative impact of weeds on crop production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

Environmental factors including management practices as correlates of weed community composition in spring seeded crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. T. Dale ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
E. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Seed Crops

The relationship between the weed communities and environmental variables such as soil, crop, and management was investigated in two provinces of Canada. The frequencies of weed species were recorded in cereal and oilseed fields in Saskatchewan (2244 fields over 4 years) and Manitoba (864 fields over 3 years), Canada. Information on some of the physical characteristics of the fields and on the management practices imposed on them was also collected, in part by questionnaire. The two kinds of data were ordinated together using canonical correspondence analysis to assess the relationships between the species and the environmental variables. In the Saskatchewan data, there was a clear and consistent separation of the species into groups along an axis correlated with soil zone and the associated climatic gradient. In the Manitoba data, the same groups of species did not separate as clearly or as consistently, although geographic region was a major determinant of the weed communities. The greater variability may be due to the fact that the gradient of soil types is much more restricted in Manitoba and not as closely correlated with climatic conditions. In both provinces, culture practices were less important as correlates of the weed community composition than soil type or, to a certain extent, the previous crop. Key words: canonical correspondence analysis, cereal crops, oil seed crops.

Comparison of soil CO2 emissions from three different tillage methods on chernozem soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Dencső ◽  
Ágota Horel ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Eszter Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tillage Methods

<p>Tillage practices influence soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, hence many research investigate the long-term effects of conservation and conventional tillage methods e.g. ploughing and no-tillage on soil greenhouse gas emission.</p><p>The experiment site is an 18-years-old long-term tillage trial established on chernozem soil. During 2020, we took weekly CO<sub>2 </sub>emission measurements in the mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-tillage (NT), and shallow cultivation (SC) treatments Tillage depth was 26-30 cm, 12-16 cm and 0 cm in the cases of MP, SC and NT respectively. The experiment was under wither oat cultivation.</p><p>We investigated the similarity in the CO<sub>2</sub> emission trends of SC to MP or NT treatments. Besides CO<sub>2</sub> emission measurements, we also monitored environmental parameters such as soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) in each treatment.</p><p>During the investigated year (2020 January - December) SC had higher annual mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission (0.115±0.083 mg m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) compared to MP (0.099±0.089 mg m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and lower compared to NT (0.119±0.100 mg m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The difference of the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions was significant between SC and MP (p<0.05); however, it was not significant between SC and NT (p>0.05) treatments. The Ts dependency of CO<sub>2</sub> emission was moderate in all treatments. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were moderately depended on SWC in MP and SC, and there was no correlation between these parameters in NT.</p><p>The annual mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission of the SC treatment was more similar to the NT, than to the MP treatment.</p>

Surface Residue and In‐Row Treatment Effects on Long‐Term No‐Tillage Continuous Corn

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Swan ◽  
Roger L. Higgs ◽  
Theodore B. Bailey ◽  
Nyle C. Wollenhaupt ◽  
William H. Paulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Surface Residue ◽  
Continuous Corn

Weed Community Composition after 26 Years of Fertilization of Late Rice

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Nie ◽  
Li C. Yin ◽  
Yu L. Liao ◽  
Sheng X. Zheng ◽  
Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
N Application ◽  
Available N ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Late Rice

To assess the influence of long-term fertilization on weed communities of early and late rice crops, the weed species composition was investigated in experimental plots initiated in 1981 at the Key Field Experimental Monitoring Station of the Reddish Paddy Soil Eco-Environment in Wangcheng, China. The treatments were (1) a control (CK), no fertilizer; (2) N–P, no K; (3) N–K, no P; (4) P–K, no N; (5) N–P–K; (6) N–P–K + Ca, N, P, and K plus lime; (7) N–P + S, N and P plus additional rice straw return; (8) N–P–K + S, N, P, and K plus additional rice straw; (9) N–K + M, N and K plus swine manure. The results indicated that weed flora composition and density were influenced by the different fertilization treatments. Multivariate analyses indicated that changes in the weed community composition were primarily due to soil-available N, followed by light intensity on the field surface, and soil-available P. More weed species and total weed density were observed in the control and P–K plots than in plots in which N, P, and K were applied together. Omission of N application had a greater effect on the weed community than the omission of P or K applications. Nutrients derived from synthetic fertilizers and organic manure or the additional application of lime had no obvious effect on the weed community of late rice crops.

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