Even Covering Properties and Somewhat Normal Spaces

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Künzi ◽  
Peter Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Open Cover ◽  
Normal Space ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Covering Properties ◽  
Normal Cover

AbstractA topological space X is said to be somewhat normal provided that for each open cover is a normal cover of X. We show that a completely regular somewhat normal space need not be normal, thereby answering a question of W. M. Fleischman. We note that a collectionwise normal somewhat normal space need not be almost 2-fully normal, as had previously been asserted, and that neither the perfect image nor the perfect preimage of a somewhat normal space has to be somewhat normal.

A Basically Disconnected Normal Space Φ With |βΦ – Φ| = 1

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. van Douwen
Keyword(s):  
Open Cover ◽  
Normal Space ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Extremally Disconnected ◽  
Open Set

All spaces considered are completely regular. C*(X) denotes the set of bounded continuous real-valued functions in X. A subspace S of X is called C*-embedded in X if for every f ∈ C*(S) there is ϕ ∈ C*(X) with ϕ⥤S = f.A space X is called almost compact if |βX – X| ≦ 1; basically disconnected if every cozero-set has open closure; extremally disconnected if every open set has open closure; an F-space if every cozero-set is C*-embedded; small if |C*(X)| = 2ω; and weakly Lindelöf if every open cover has a subfamily with and ⋃ dense. A point p of a space X is called a P-point of X if every Gδ-set in X which contains p is a neighborhood of p.ω(X) denotes the weight of X.

On Extensions of Topologies

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 474-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. R. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Closed Subset ◽  
Normal Space ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Countably Compact

If (X, τ) is a topological space (with topology τ) and A is a subset of X, then the topology τ(A) = {U ⋃ (V ⋂ A)|U, V ∈ τ} is said to be a simple extension of τ. It seems that N. Levine introduced this concept in (4) and he proved, among other results, the following:(A) If (X, τ) is a regular (completely regular) space and A is a closed subset of X, then (X, τ(A)) is a regular (completely regular) space.(B) Let (X, τ) be a normal space, and A a closed subset of X. Then (X, τ(A)) is normal if and only if X — A is a normal subspace of (X, τ).(C) Let (X, τ) be a countably compact (compact or Lindelöf) and A ∉ τ.

Real Functions, Covers and Bornologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Lev Bukovský
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Pointwise Convergence ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Upper Semicontinuous ◽  
Upper Semicontinuous Functions ◽  
Covering Properties ◽  
Real Functions ◽  
Topology Of Pointwise Convergence ◽  
Semicontinuous Functions

Abstract The paper tries to survey the recent results about relationships between covering properties of a topological space X and the space USC(X) of upper semicontinuous functions on X with the topology of pointwise convergence. Dealing with properties of continuous functions C(X), we need shrinkable covers. The results are extended for A-measurable and upper A-semimeasurable functions where A is a family of subsets of X. Similar results for covers respecting a bornology and spaces USC(X) or C(X) endowed by a topology defined by using the bornology are presented. Some of them seem to be new.

Uniformity on generalized topological spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Dey ◽  
Dhananjay Mandal ◽  
Manabendra Nath Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Generalized Topology ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Intermediate Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Generalized Topological Space

PurposeThe present article deals with the initiation and study of a uniformity like notion, captioned μ-uniformity, in the context of a generalized topological space.Design/methodology/approachThe existence of uniformity for a completely regular topological space is well-known, and the interrelation of this structure with a proximity is also well-studied. Using this idea, a structure on generalized topological space has been developed, to establish the same type of compatibility in the corresponding frameworks.FindingsIt is proved, among other things, that a μ-uniformity on a non-empty set X always induces a generalized topology on X, which is μ-completely regular too. In the last theorem of the paper, the authors develop a relation between μ-proximity and μ-uniformity by showing that every μ-uniformity generates a μ-proximity, both giving the same generalized topology on the underlying set.Originality/valueIt is an original work influenced by the previous works that have been done on generalized topological spaces. A kind of generalization has been done in this article, that has produced an intermediate structure to the already known generalized topological spaces.

On Certain Onto Maps

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Namioka
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Closed Subspace ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Extension Theorem ◽  
Normal Space ◽  
Continuous Map ◽  
Image Position

Let Δn (n > 0) denote the subset of the Euclidean (n + 1)-dimensional space defined byA subset σ of Δn is called a face if there exists a sequence 0 ≤ i1 ≤ i2 ≤ … < im ≤ n such thatand the dimension of σ is defined to be (n — m). Let denote the union of all faces of Δn of dimensions less than n. A topological space Y is called solid if any continuous map on a closed subspace A of a normal space X into Y can be extended to a map on X into Y. By Tietz's extension theorem, each face of Δn is solid. The present paper is concerned with a generalization of the following theorem which seems well known.

Epimorphisms From S(X) onto S(Y)

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Magill ◽  
P. R. Misra ◽  
U. B. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Image Position

1. Introduction. In this paper, the expression topological space will always mean generated space, that is any T1 space X for whichforms a subbasis for the closed subsets of X. This is not at all a severe restriction since generated spaces include all completely regular Hausdorff spaces which contain an arc as well as all 0-dimensional Hausdorff spaces [3, pp. 198-201], [4].The symbol S(X) denotes the semigroup, under composition, of all continuous selfmaps of the topological space X. This paper really grew out of our efforts to determine all those congruences σ on S(X) such that S(X)/σ is isomorphic to S(Y) for some space Y.

scholarly journals Paracompactness with respect to an ideal

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Hamlett ◽  
David Rose ◽  
Dragan Janković
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Finite Union ◽  
Open Cover ◽  
Locally Finite ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Paracompact Spaces

An ideal on a setXis a nonempty collection of subsets ofXclosed under the operations of subset and finite union. Given a topological spaceXand an idealℐof subsets ofX,Xis defined to beℐ-paracompact if every open cover of the space admits a locally finite open refinement which is a cover for all ofXexcept for a set inℐ. Basic results are investigated, particularly with regard to theℐ- paracompactness of two associated topologies generated by sets of the formU−IwhereUis open andI∈ℐand⋃{U|Uis open andU−A∈ℐ, for some open setA}. Preservation ofℐ-paracompactness by functions, subsets, and products is investigated. Important special cases ofℐ-paracompact spaces are the usual paracompact spaces and the almost paracompact spaces of Singal and Arya [“On m-paracompact spaces”, Math. Ann., 181 (1969), 119-133].

scholarly journals Lebesgue Measurability of Separately Continuous Functions and Separability

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
V. V. Mykhaylyuk
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Chain Condition ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
Property A ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Countable Chain Condition ◽  
Countable Chain

A connection between the separability and the countable chain condition of spaces withL-property (a topological spaceXhasL-property if for every topological spaceY, separately continuous functionf:X×Y→ℝand open setI⊆ℝ,the setf−1(I)is anFσ-set) is studied. We show that every completely regular Baire space with theL-property and the countable chain condition is separable and constructs a nonseparable completely regular space with theL-property and the countable chain condition. This gives a negative answer to a question of M. Burke.

scholarly journals Mappings and decompositions of continuity on almost Lindelöf spaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Fawakhreh ◽  
A. Kiliçman
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Open Cover ◽  
Countable Subset

A topological spaceXis said to be almost Lindelöf if for every open cover{Uα:α∈Δ}ofXthere exists a countable subset{αn:n∈ℕ}⊆Δsuch thatX=∪n∈ℕCl(Uαn). In this paper we study the effect of mappings and some decompositions of continuity on almost Lindelöf spaces. The main result is that a image of an almost Lindelöf space is almost Lindelöf.

scholarly journals On normal subspaces

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D.B. Gauld ◽  
I.L. Reilly ◽  
M.K. Vamanamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Normal Space

In this paper the anti-normal property is studied. A space is anti-normal if its only normal subspaces are those whose cardinalities require them to be normal. It is shown that every topological space of at least four elements contains a normal three point subspace from which it follows that there is only one non-trivial anti-normal space.

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