For the performance of wireless sensor network, topology control plays an important role. In order to save energy, prolong the lifetime of the network and reduce the interference between nodes, while ensuring the connectivity and reliability of data transmission, we propose a suitable scheme which is hierarchical topology control with distributed and a long-chain structure based on the monitoring of transmission and distribution lines. It is based on the study of the monitoring of transmission and distribution lines in wireless sensor network.This scheme will cluster with the deployed nodes, and fuse with data in the selected cluster head,in order to complete topology structure.To matlab optimization platform, using ant colony optimization algorithm to remove some redundant links, so that data transmit to the monitoring center reliably and complete real-time monitoring of the lines,thus prolong the lifetime of the network.