Medical Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Infection Among US Children: Implications for Design of Vaccine Trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Shi Lee ◽  
Robert E. Walker ◽  
Paul M. Mendelman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Medical Burden ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals A Prototype Recombinant Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-Pan Du ◽  
Gail E. D. Jackson ◽  
Philip R. Wyde ◽  
Wei-Yao Yan ◽  
Qijun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals Recombinant Bovine/Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (B/HPIV3) Expressing the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G and F Proteins Can Be Used To Achieve Simultaneous Mucosal Immunization against RSV and HPIV3

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 4594-4603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Schmidt ◽  
Josephine M. McAuliffe ◽  
Brian R. Murphy ◽  
Peter L. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT Recombinant bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rB/HPIV3), a recombinant bovine PIV3 (rBPIV3) in which the F and HN genes were replaced with their HPIV3 counterparts, was used to express the major protective antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in order to create a bivalent mucosal vaccine against RSV and HPIV3. The attenuation of rB/HPIV3 is provided by the host range restriction of the BPIV3 backbone in primates. RSV G and F open reading frames (ORFs) were placed under the control of PIV3 transcription signals and inserted individually into the rB/HPIV3 genome in the promoter-proximal position preceding the nucleocapsid protein gene. The recombinant PIV3 expressing the RSV G ORF (rB/HPIV3-G1) was not restricted in its replication in vitro, whereas the virus expressing the RSV F ORF (rB/HPIV3-F1) was eightfold restricted compared to its rB/HPIV3 parent. Both viruses replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract of hamsters, and each induced RSV serum antibody titers similar to those induced by RSV infection and anti-HPIV3 titers similar to those induced by HPIV3 infection. Immunization of hamsters with rB/HPIV3-G1, rB/HPIV3-F1, or a combination of both viruses resulted in a high level of resistance to challenge with RSV or HPIV3 28 days later. These results describe a vaccine strategy that obviates the technical challenges associated with a live attenuated RSV vaccine, providing, against the two leading viral agents of pediatric respiratory tract disease, a bivalent vaccine whose attenuation phenotype is based on the extensive host range sequence differences of BPIV3.

scholarly journals Virus isolations from patients in general practice, 1961–71

1974 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARYDuring the period 1961–71 of 1785 viruses isolated from patients in the general population 503 (28%) were rhinoviruses, 465 (26%) influenza viruses, 248 (14%) enteroviruses, 234 (13%) herpes simplex virus, 132 (7%) parainfluenza viruses, 129 (7%) adenoviruses and 49 (3%) respiratory syncytial virus. Also isolated were 18 strains of mumps virus, 7 coronaviruses and 295 streptococci of groups A, C or G.Fluctuations were observed in the frequency with which respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 2, and the adenoviruses were isolated over the 10-year period.Influenza viruses types A and B, parainfluenza viruses types 1 and 2, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses types 3, 4, 6, 7 and 21, and many enteroviruses were all associated with outbreaks.Infections with influenza viruses A and B and parainfluenza viruses types 1 and 2 came during the winter, whereas those with parainfluenza virus type 3, enteroviruses, and rhinoviruses were more frequently seen in the summer and early autumn.

scholarly journals A RhoA-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3

10.1038/71503 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Pastey ◽  
Tara L. Gower ◽  
Paul W. Spearman ◽  
James E. Crowe ◽  
Barney S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus G and/or SH Glycoproteins Modify CC and CXC Chemokine mRNA Expression in the BALB/c Mouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 6227-6229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Tripp ◽  
Les Jones ◽  
Larry J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Cxc Chemokine ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT Chemokine mRNA expression by pulmonary leukocytes following infection of BALB/c mice with two strains of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and one strain of parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) was determined. The results suggest that RSV G and/or SH proteins inhibit early MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MCP-1, and IP-10 mRNA expression. TCA-3 mRNA expression was found to be increased during PIV-3 infection.

scholarly journals Effects of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antigen Insertion in Two 3′ Proximal Genome Positions of Bovine/Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 on Virus Replication and Immunogenicity

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 10819-10828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick S. Tang ◽  
Jeanne H. Schickli ◽  
Mia MacPhail ◽  
Fiona Fernandes ◽  
Leenas Bicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT A live attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), harboring the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of human PIV3, was used as a virus vector to express surface glycoproteins derived from two human pathogens, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV and hMPV are both paramyxoviruses that cause respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV has been known for decades to cause acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children, which often result in hospitalization, while hMPV has only been recently identified as a novel human respiratory pathogen. In this study, the ability of bovine/human PIV3 to express three different foreign transmembrane surface glycoproteins and to induce a protective immune response was evaluated. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of paramyxoviruses binds to a single site at the 3′ end of the viral RNA genome to initiate transcription of viral genes. The genome position of the viral gene determines its level of gene expression. The promoter-proximal gene is transcribed with the highest frequency, and each downstream gene is transcribed less often due to attenuation of transcription at each gene junction. This feature of paramyxoviruses was exploited using the PIV3 vector by inserting the foreign viral genes at the 3′ terminus, at position 1 or 2, of the viral RNA genome. These locations were expected to yield high levels of foreign viral protein expression stimulating a protective immune response. The immunogenicity and protection results obtained with a hamster model showed that bovine/human PIV3 can be employed to generate bivalent PIV3/RSV or PIV3/hMPV vaccine candidates that will be further evaluated for safety and efficacy in primates.

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