Genetic Diversity and Transmitted Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Subtypes in Blood Donors Candidates in Northern Mozambique

Abstract Background: Detection of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and subtype diversity (SD) are public health strategies to assess current HIV-1 regimen and ensure effective therapeutic outcomes of ART among HIV-1 patients. Globally, limited data exist on TDR and SD among blood donors. In this study, drug resistance mutations and subtype diversity among HIV-1 sero-positive blood donors in Accra, Ghana was characterized.Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to collect 81 HIV sero-positive blood samples from the Southern Area Blood Center and confirmed by serology as HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Viral RNA was only extracted from plasma samples confirmed as HIV-1 positive. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using the RNA as a template and subsequently amplified by nested PCR with specific primers. The expected products were verified, purified and sequenced. Neighbor-joining tree with the Kimura’s 2-parameter distances was generated with the RT sequences using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis version 6.0 (MEGA 6.0).Results: Out of the 81 plasma samples, 60 (74%) were confirmed as HIV-1 sero-positive by INNO-LIA HIVI/II Score kit with no HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 infections. The remaining samples, 21 (26%) were confirmed as HIV sero-negative. Of the 60 confirmed positive samples, (32) 53% and (28) 50% were successfully amplified in the RT and PR genes respectively. Nucleotide sequencing of amplified samples revealed the presence of major drug resistance mutations in two (2) samples; E138A in one sample and another with K65R. HIV-1 Subtypes including subtypes A, B, CRF02_AG and CRF09_cpx were found. Conclusion: This study found major drug resistance mutations, E138A and K65R in the RT gene that confer high level resistance to most NNRTIs and NRTI respectively. CRF02_AG was most predominant, the recorded percentage of subtype B and the evolutionary relationship inferred by phylogenetic analysis suggest possible subtype importation. The data obtained would inform the selection of drugs for ART initiation to maximize therapeutic options in drug-naïve HIV-1 patients in Ghana.

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Transmitted drug resistance mutations and subtype diversity amongst HIV-1 sero-positive voluntary blood donors in Accra, Ghana

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-020-01386-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Billal Musah Obeng ◽

Evelyn Yayra Bonney ◽

Lucy Asamoah-Akuoko ◽

Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi ◽

Gifty Mawuli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Hiv 1

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Moderate prevalence of transmitted drug resistance and high HIV-1 genetic diversity in patients from Mato Grosso State, Central Western Brazil

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.22128 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (8) ◽

pp. 1301-1307 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Adriana Santarém Ferreira ◽

Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso ◽

Mariane Martins de Araújo Stefani

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance and genetic diversity among patients from Piauí State, Northeast Brazil

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.24087 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 798-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Maria Edileuza Soares Moura ◽

Mônica Nogueira da Guarda Reis ◽

Yanna Andressa Ramos Lima ◽

Kelsen Dantas Eulálio ◽

Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Hiv 1

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Alarming rate of transmitted drug resistance mutations and genetic diversity in newly HIV-1-infected patients in Benin

10.21203/rs.2.24292/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Edmond Tchiakpe ◽

Rene K Keke ◽

Nicole Vidal ◽

Clément Ahoussinou ◽

Olga Sekpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Primary Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Primary Drug

Abstract BackgroundSeventeen years after the start of the IBAARV (Beninese initiative for access to antiretrovirals), transmitted drug resistance mutations in ARV naïve patients and HIV-1 genetic diversity were investigated in Benin.Methods353 plasma samples were collected between October and December 2017 in nineteen facilities care in Benin from HIV-1 positive and ARV naive individuals. Pol (protease + partial RT) region was amplified and sequenced in 248 samples.ResultsDrug resistance mutations were detected in (27/248; 10.9%) according to the WHO SDRM 2009 list, with predominance of mutations directed to NNRTIs drugs (24/248; 10%).Phylogenetic and recombination analyses showed a predominance of CRF02_AG strains (165/248; 66.5%) and a high genetic diversity with five other variants and 39 URFs (15.7%) which contained portions of strains that co-circulate in Benin. Eight recent transmission chains revealed active ongoing transmission of HIV-1 strains among ARV naïve patients.ConclusionsOur study showed a high primary drug resistance rate and a complex genetic diversity. Regular monitoring of primary drug resistance is required to adapt HIV-1 treatment strategies and adoption of new WHO recommendations in Benin.

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HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Female Sex Workers from a Brazilian Municipality in the Amazon Region

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ◽

10.1089/aid.2019.0243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 99-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luana Mota da Costa ◽

Paula Cristina R. Frade ◽

Lucinaldo da Silva Blandtt ◽

Gláucia C. Silva-Oliveira ◽

Luiz Fernando A. Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Female Sex ◽

Hiv 1

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Transmitted drug resistance mutations and subtype diversity amongst HIV-1 sero-positive voluntary blood donors in Accra, Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21810/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Billal Musah Obeng ◽

Evelyn Yayra Bonney ◽

Lucy Asamoah-Akuoko ◽

Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi ◽

Gifty Mawuli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype B ◽

Major Drug ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Detection of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and subtype diversity (SD) are public health strategies to assess current HIV-1 regimen and ensure effective therapeutic outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-1 patients. Globally, limited data exist on TDR and SD among blood donors. In this study, drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and SD amongst HIV-1 sero-positive blood donors in Accra, Ghana were characterized.Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to collect 81 HIV sero-positive blood samples from the Southern Area Blood Center and confirmed by INNO-LIA as HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Viral RNA was only extracted from plasma samples confirmed as HIV-1 positive. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using the RNA as a template and subsequently amplified by nested PCR with specific primers. The expected products were verified, purified and sequenced. Neighbour-joining tree with the Kimura’s 2-parameter distances was generated with the RT sequences using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis version 6.0 (MEGA 6.0).Results: Out of the 81 plasma samples, 60 (74%) were confirmed as HIV-1 sero-positive by INNO-LIA HIVI/II Score kit with no HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 infections. The remaining samples, 21 (26%) were confirmed as HIV sero-negative. Of the 60 confirmed positive samples, (32) 53% and (28) 47% were successfully amplified in the RT and PR genes respectively. Nucleotide sequencing of amplified samples revealed the presence of major drug resistance mutations in two (2) samples; E138A in one sample and another with K65R. HIV-1 Subtypes including subtypes A, B, CRF02_AG and CRF09_cpx were found. Conclusion: This study found major drug resistance mutations, E138A and K65R in the RT gene that confer high level resistance to most NNRTIs and NRTI respectively. CRF02_AG was most predominant, the recorded percentage of subtype B and the evolutionary relationship inferred by phylogenetic analysis may suggest possible subtype importation. However, a more prospective and detailed analysis is needed to establish this phenomenon. The data obtained would inform the selection of drugs for ART initiation to maximize therapeutic options in drug-naïve HIV-1 patients in Ghana.

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