Abstract. To better understand the distributions and sources of
low-molecular-weight (LMW) monocarboxylic acids (monoacids) in the forest
atmosphere, we conducted simultaneous collection of gaseous and particulate
samples at a deciduous broadleaf forest site in northern Japan. LMW normal
(C1–C10), branched (iC4–iC6), hydroxyl (glycolic and
lactic) and aromatic (benzoic) monoacids were detected in the gas and
particle phases. The dominant LMW monoacids in gas phase were formic (mean:
953 ng m−3) and acetic (528 ng m−3) acids followed by propionic
(37 ng m−3) or isopentanoic (42 ng m−3) acid. In the particle
phase, isopentanoic (159 ng m−3) was dominant, followed by acetic
(104 ng m−3) and formic (71 ng m−3) or lactic
(65 ng m−3) acids. Concentrations of LMW monoacids did not show
correlations with anthropogenic tracers such as nss-SO42- and
NO3-, indicating that anthropogenic contribution is not important.
Concentrations of C1–C6 monoacids in the gas phase showed positive
correlations (r2=0.21–0.91) with isobutyric acid (iC4), which
may be produced by microbial activity in soil. The forest soil may be a
source of gaseous C1–C6 monoacids in the forest atmosphere. Acetic
acid in the particle phase positively correlated with nonanoic acid (C9)
(r2=0.63), suggesting that formation of acetic and nonanoic acids is
associated with the oxidation of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids in the
aerosol phase, in addition to photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile
organic compounds. The particle-phase fractions (Fp) of formic
and acetic acids showed negative correlation with ambient temperature
(C1: r2=0.49, C2: r2=0.60) but showed positive
correlation with relative humidity (C1: r2=0.30, C2: r2=0.55) in daytime, suggesting that these meteorological parameters are
important for the gas and particle portioning of monoacids in the forest
atmosphere.
Low Molecular Weight Monocarboxylic Acids in PM2.5 and PM10: Quantification, Seasonal Variation and Source Apportionment
