scholarly journals A Case of Consecutive Pneumocystis Pneumonia and Varicella Pneumoniaduring the Treatment of Miliary Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Akifumi Hirata ◽  
Tadaharu Nakamoto ◽  
Yusuke Kurosawa ◽  
Eichi Takahashi ◽  
Yoshiko Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Liver Biopsy Culture in the Diagnosis of Miliary Tuberculosis: A Case Report

1952 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Rumball ◽  
George L. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis

Miliary Tuberculosis: HRCT Findings in 14 Patientst

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Byung Su Kim ◽  
Soon Kew Park ◽  
Kun Il Kim ◽  
Hyun Ju Son ◽  
Dong Hi Juhng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Miliary Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, an old disease, still present in Romania

Farmacist ro ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Cristina Daniela Marineci ◽  
Cristina Elena Zbârcea ◽  
Simona Negreş
Keyword(s):  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis is a chronic infection, most often affecting the lungs, which usually manifests after a latency period from primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms are generally nonspecific, with fever, cough, weight loss and malaise. The diagnosis is based on microscopic examination of sputum smear and rapid diagnostic molecular tests, which are increasingly used today. Genotypic tests for establishing the strain involved and phenotypic antibiograms for early detection of drug resistance should guide the initiation of treatment but are still expensive. Treatment of active tuberculosis is done with combination of antimycobacterial drugs, administered for at least 6 months. The antituberculosis treatment has several purposes: to cure the patient, to reduce the risk of recurrence, to prevent the installation of chemo-resistance, to prevent complications and to reduce mortality, as well as to limit the spread of the infection. Drug combinations are used to prevent the development of resistance. The administration is long-lasting in order to achieve the sterilization of foci that are difficult to access by medicines, ensuring healing and relapse prevention. Generally, standard pharmacological protocols are used. In order to increase the adherence to the treatment and its completion, often the anti-tuberculosis treatment is done under direct observation, in what is called directly observed therapy. Undesirable effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs should be detected early and managed appropriately. Recently, many cases of tuberculosis are resistant to the first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis), or to these drugs, fluoroquinolones and at least one injectable antimycobacterial drugs (extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis). Especially the treatment of the latter is difficult to do, because there are not currently too many therapeutic options. That is why it is important to detect the resistance early and to establish the appropriate treatment. Treatment of latent tuberculosis usually involves the administration of isoniazid for 9 months. BCG vaccination is an active immunization method used in countries with high incidence of tuberculosis (Romania being the country of the European Union with the highest incidence of tuberculosis), protecting mainly against miliary tuberculosis, a spread form of tuberculosis, severe especially in children.  

Fever in the returning traveller: Dual infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
MA Parker ◽  
E Nell ◽  
A Mowlana ◽  
MS Moolla ◽  
S Karamchand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Background: More than 90% of the global 400 000 annual malaria deaths occur in Africa. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in more than 830 000 deaths in its first 10 months. Case presentation: This case describes a patient who had travelled from Mozambique to Cape Town, presented with a mild febrile illness, and was diagnosed with both COVID-19 and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. She responded well to malaria treatment and had an uneventful COVID-19 admission. Her blood smear showed a low malaria parasitaemia and a relatively high gametocyte load. Conclusion: We postulate that her clinical course and abnormal smear could well be due to reciprocal disease-modifying effects of the infections. The presenting symptoms of COVID-19 may mimic endemic infectious diseases including malaria, tuberculosis, pneumocystis pneumonia and influenza thus there is a need for clinical vigilance to identify and treat such co-infections.

scholarly journals Use of β-D-glucan in diagnosis of suspected Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in adults with HIV infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110222
Author(s):  
Thomas Juniper ◽  
Chris P Eades ◽  
Eliza Gil ◽  
Harriet Fodder ◽  
Killian Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Alternative Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Threshold ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objectives: An elevated serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) concentration has high sensitivity for a diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in people with HIV (PWH). At the current manufacturer-recommended positive threshold of 80 pg/mL (Fungitell), specificity for PCP is variable and other diagnostic tests are required. We evaluated the utility of serum BDG for diagnosis of suspected PCP in PWH at three inner-London hospitals to determine BDG concentrations for diagnosis and exclusion of PCP. Methods: From clinical case records, we abstracted demographic and clinical information and categorised patients as having confirmed or probable PCP, or an alternative diagnosis. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of serum BDG concentrations >400 pg/mL and negative predictive value (NPV) of BDG <80 pg/mL. Results: 76 patients were included; 29 had laboratory-confirmed PCP, 17 had probable PCP and 30 had an alternative diagnosis. Serum BDG >400 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 97% and PPV 97% for diagnosis of PCP; BDG <80 pg/mL had 100% NPV for exclusion of PCP. Conclusions: In PWH with suspected PCP, BDG <80 pg/mL excludes a diagnosis of PCP, whereas BDG concentrations >400 pg/mL effectively confirm the diagnosis. Values 80–400 pg/mL should prompt additional diagnostic tests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document