Therapeutic effects of vitamin D3 on motor functions following experimental spinal cord injury

✓ The authors report studies indicating that delayed local cooling is effective in minimizing the neurological deficits of experimental spinal cord injury in cats. Cortical evoked responses were useful in predicting the neurological outcome; untreated animals whose evoked response disappeared for 6 hours failed to recover whereas all treated animals in the same group recovered dramatically. Decompression by laminectomy alone proved ineffective. Possible explanations for the therapeutic effects of cooling and the significance of the delay are briefly discussed.

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Therapeutic effects of neurotrophic factors in experimental spinal cord injury models

Journal of Neurorestoratology ◽

10.2147/jn.s66874 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Mitsuhiro Enomoto

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Neurotrophic Factors ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Experimental Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Injury Models

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The influence of neurotransplantation with different allogenic tissues on the course of the spasticity and chronic pain syndrome after experimental spinal cord injury

Ukrainian Neurosurgical Journal ◽

10.25305/unj.104498 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 0 (2) ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Volodymyr V. Medvediev

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Chronic Pain Syndrome ◽

Experimental Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cord Injury

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Transplantation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury Based on Microenvironment Modulation

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200421112622 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 522-530

Author(s):

Jiawei Shu ◽

Feng Cheng ◽

Zhe Gong ◽

Liwei Ying ◽

Chenggui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Autonomic Dysfunction ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Permanent Damage ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Severe Motor

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is different from peripheral nerve injury; it results in devastating and permanent damage to the spine, leading to severe motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. SCI produces a complex microenvironment that can result in hemorrhage, inflammation and scar formation. Not only does it significantly limit regeneration, but it also challenges a multitude of transplantation strategies. In order to promote regeneration, researchers have recently begun to focus their attention on strategies that manipulate the complicated microenvironment produced by SCI. And some have achieved great therapeutic effects. Hence, reconstructing an appropriate microenvironment after transplantation could be a potential therapeutic solution for SCI. In this review, first, we aim to summarize the influential compositions of the microenvironment and their different effects on regeneration. Second, we highlight recent research that used various transplantation strategies to modulate different microenvironments produced by SCI in order to improve regeneration. Finally, we discuss future transplantation strategies regarding SCI.

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AAV2-mediated and hypoxia response element-directed expression of bFGF in neural stem cells showed therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury in rats

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-03546-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sipin Zhu ◽

Yibo Ying ◽

Jiahui Ye ◽

Min Chen ◽

Qiuji Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Hypoxia Response Element ◽

Neurofilament Protein ◽

Response Element ◽

Hypoxia Response ◽

Cord Injury

AbstractNeural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation has been one of the hot topics in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is considered a promising nerve injury therapy after SCI. However, owing to a hostile hypoxia condition in SCI, there remains a challenging issue in implementing these tactics to repair SCI. In this report, we used adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2), a prototype AAV used in clinical trials for human neuron disorders, basic FGF (bFGF) gene under the regulation of hypoxia response element (HRE) was constructed and transduced into NSCs to yield AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs. Our results showed that its treatment yielded temporally increased expression of bFGF in SCI, and improved scores of functional recovery after SCI compared to vehicle control (AAV2-5HRE-NSCs) based on the analyses of the inclined plane test, Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint analysis. Mechanistic studies showed that AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment increased the expression of neuron-specific neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN), neuromodulin GAP43, and neurofilament protein NF200 while decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as compared to the control group. Further, the expressions of autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II and Beclin 1 were decreased, whereas the expression of P62 protein was increased in AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment group. Taken together, our data indicate that AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment improved the recovery of SCI rats, which is accompanied by evidence of nerve regeneration, and inhibition of SCI-induced glial scar formation and cell autophagy. Thus, this study represents a step forward towards the potential use of AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs for future clinical trials of SCI repair.

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