scholarly journals Production, characterization and application of ternary phase diagrams for the purification of biodiesel produced from tropical almond seed oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075
Author(s):  
K.K. Adama ◽  
U.P. Onochie ◽  
E. Gbeinzi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Solubility Curve ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Components Separation ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

This study presents the application of ternary phase diagrams to tropical almond biodiesel components separation and purification at two temperatures. The seed oil was extracted mechanically and alkaline transesterified to produce biodiesel. The oil and biodiesel were characterized using standard methods. Tie lines and binodal solubility curve data were determined using modified cloud point titration procedures. Gas chromatographic method was employed in the analysis of the phase compositions. The mixture of biodiesel, methanol and glycerol were investigated at 20 °C, 30 °C and withdrawal times of 2 to 32 minutes at 2 minutes intervals. Distribution coefficient, K and solvent selectivity, S analysis were performed. Results obtained showed that S > 1 indicating the ability of methanol to promote phase separation and purification. K < 1 implying that there was lower quantities of methanol solubilized in the biodiesel phase. The ternary phase diagrams provided the means of predicting the components distribution. Keywords: Production, Characterization, Tropical Almond Biodiesel, Purification, Ternary Phase Diagram

A new 1 : 1 cocrystal of lamotrigine and 1,2,3,6-hydrophthalimide: discovery, characterization, and construction of ternary phase diagrams

CrystEngComm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 2681-2688
Author(s):  
Wenjie Kuang ◽  
Shaochang Ji ◽  
Yufeng Wei ◽  
Jinyan Zhang ◽  
Ping Lan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams

A 1 : 1 cocrystal of lamotrigine (LAM) with 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (HPHT) was first successfully synthesized. The ternary phase diagram of the cocrystal was constructed, and its stability and dissolution were determined.

Calculation of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of 14 additive and reciprocal ternary systems containing Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, LiOH, NaOH, and KOH

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pelton ◽  
C. W. Bale ◽  
P. L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Critical Assessment

Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of five additive molten salt ternary systems and nine reciprocal molten salt ternary systems containing the ions Li+, Na+, [Formula: see text], OH− are calculated from the thermodynamic properties of their binary subsystems which were obtained previously by a critical assessment of the thermodynamic data and the phase diagrams in these binary systems. Thermodynamic properties of ternary liquid phases are estimated from the binary properties by means of the Conformal Ionic Solution Theory. The ternary phase diagrams are then calculated from these thermodynamic properties by means of computer programs designed for the purpose. It is found that a ternary phase diagram can generally be calculated in this way with a maximum error about twice that of the maximum error in the binary phase diagrams upon which the calculations are based. If, in addition, some reliable ternary phase diagram measurements are available, these can be used to obtain small ternary correction terms. In this way, ternary phase diagram measurements can be smoothed and the isotherms drawn in a thermodynamically correct way. The thermodynamic approach permits experimental data to be critically assessed in the light of thermodynamic principles and accepted solution models. A critical assessment of error limits on all the calculated ternary diagrams is made, and suggestions as to which composition regions merit further experimental study are given.

The use of acoustic spectroscopy in the characterisation of ternary phase diagrams

2013 ◽  
Vol 441 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bonacucina ◽  
Marco Cespi ◽  
Giovanna Mencarelli ◽  
Luca Casettari ◽  
Giovanni F. Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Acoustic Spectroscopy

Effect of short-chain alcohols as co-surfactants on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams containing lecithin

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Young Choi ◽  
Seong-Geun Oh ◽  
Seong-Youl Bae ◽  
Sei-Ki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams

scholarly journals A New 1:1 Drug-Drug Cocrystal of Theophylline and Aspirin: Discovery, Characterization, and Construction of Ternary Phase Diagrams

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 7526-7532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaza Darwish ◽  
Jacek Zeglinski ◽  
Gamidi Rama Krishna ◽  
Rahamatullah Shaikh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams

scholarly journals Ternary Phase Diagrams that Relate to the Plutonium Immobilization Ceramic

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
B b Ebbinghaus ◽  
O H Krikorian ◽  
E R Vance ◽  
M W Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams

Stability of As and B doped Si with respect to overlaying CoSi2 and TiSi2 thin films

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maex ◽  
G. Ghosh ◽  
L. Delaey ◽  
V. Probst ◽  
P. Lippens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Silicide Formation ◽  
Isothermal Sections ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
The Stability

The thermodynamic equilibrium of structures consisting of a thin film silicide (TiSi2 or CoSi2) on doped Si (with As or B) is investigated. Isothermal sections of the ternary phase diagrams for Ti–Si–B, Co–Si–B, Ti–Si–As, and Co–Si–As have been evaluated, indicating the stability of high B concentrations in Si underneath a CoSi2 layer, the instability of high As concentrations in Si underneath a CoSi2 layer, and of B and As concentrations underneath a TiSi2 layer. The obtained thermodynamic predictions agree very well with experimental results (i) on the redistribution of dopants during silicide formation, (ii) on the diffusion of dopants from an ion implanted silicide, and (iii) on the stability of highly doped regions underneath the silicide, both for the case of TiSi2 and CoSi2. It is shown that even though the inaccuracy of reported thermodynamic data is substantial, thermodynamic calculations provide a useful guidance and are consistent with the experimental results.

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