Nigerian Journal of Technology
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Published By African Journals Online

2467-8821, 0331-8443

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-702
Author(s):  
O.E. Aru ◽  
K.C. Adimora ◽  
F.J. Nwankwo

The advent of 5G has improved greatly the speed of data transmission in wireless mobile technology. On the other hand, it has put society in suspense due to ailments that came along with its deployment. Many attributed the emission of 5G radiation as the main cause of cancer today and that has led to the writing of this article paper. The research study employed a machine learning technique that is based on an artificial neural network in modeling the 5G wireless technology. MATLAB, Simulink was used to analyze the absorption and penetration level of 5G electromagnetic energy pattern into biological tissue Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Our research result revealed that the energy produced by 5G radiation at the non-ionizing region of the electromagnetic spectrum is small and cannot break into the chemical bonds of biological tissue Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) or cause changes to cells that will result in either cancer or viral disease.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-712
Author(s):  
A. Basila ◽  
A. Danladi

Because of its uniqueness and accuracy over time, fingerprint has been used for identification for many years, more recently being automated due to advancement in computing capabilities, fingerprint identification is one of the most well-known and popular biometric identification systems. The methodology comprised of a power supply, input voltage to the LM7805 should be at least 2v greater than the required 5v output according to its rating from the datasheet; hence it requires an input voltage of atleast 7v. Hence, 9v battery was adopted with current rating of 1A for convenience. The LM7805 voltage regulator IC was used since we needed 5v. The Fingerprints Attendance System with Data-login was designed, simulated and implemented/constructed, and was able to address the attendance issues in Adamawa State University, Mubi by the following means: no time waste as the attendance is taken during lecture without intervention of the lecturer, managing the attendance is automated, no chance for buddy signing, real time attendance capture, evaluate level of attendance for students automatically. Also, this system can easily be applied for examination attendance and monitoring.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-727
Author(s):  
F.M. Dahunsi ◽  
A.J. Joseph ◽  
O.A. Sarumi ◽  
O.O. Obe

The evaluation of mobile crowdsourcing activities and reports require a viable and large volume of data. These data are gathered in real-time and from a large number of paid or unpaid volunteers over a period. A high volume of quality data from smartphones or mobile devices is pivotal to the accuracy and validity of the results. Therefore, there is a need for a robust and scalable database structure that can effectively manage and store the large volumes of data collected from various volunteers without compromising the integrity of the data. An in-depth review of various database designs to select the most suitable that will meet the needs of a real-time, robust and large volunteer data handling system is presented. A non-relational database was proposed for the mobile- end database: Google Cloud Firestore specifically due to its support for mobile client implementation, this choice also makes the integration of data from the mobile end-users to the cloud-hosted database relatively easier with all proposed services being part of the Google Cloud Platform; although it is not as popular as some other database services. Separate comparative reviews of the Database Management System (DBMS) performance demonstrated that MongoDB (a non-relational database) performed better when reading large datasets and performing full-text queries, while MySQL (relational) and Cassandra (non-relational) performed much better for data insertion. Google BigQuery was proposed as an appropriate data warehouse solution. It will provide continuity and direct integration with Cloud Firestore and its Application Programming Interface (API) for data migration from Cloud Firestore to BigQuery, and the local server. Also Google BigQuery provides machine learning support for data analytics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-750
Author(s):  
F.O. Aweda ◽  
J.O. Agbolade ◽  
J.A. Oyewole ◽  
M. Sanni

The year in year out variation in atmospheric parameters, solar radiation, and meteorological variables such as ambient temperature, relative humidity RH, wind speed etc, are posies that can be and are used to describe the atmospheric conditions. Ten years of data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) was analysed. Results showed that solar radiation rises from January to get to its peak in April which is maintained till August before it begins to fall again with the Sudan savanna area (Maiduguri) having a value of (15.70 MJm-2month-1) and freshwater swamp area (Ikeja) having the value of (10.16 MJm-2month-1). The extraterrestrial radiations calculated for the two stations are 333.53 (MJm-2month-1) and 195.53 (MJm-2month-1) respectively. However, the relative humidity of Ikeja (84.54%) is higher as compared to that of Maiduguri (42.23%). The minimum temperature ranges observed for the two stations varies from (22 - 24)0C and (12 - 26)°C, while the maximum temperature was as high as 33°C and 40°C obtained in April for Ikeja and Maiduguri, respectively. Similarly, the average wind speed is higher for Ikeja (4.97m/s) than for Maiduguri (4.62m/s). The result of the statistical correlation reveals that, in Maiduguri, solar radiation was found to have a significant negative relationship with relative humidity (r = -.256, p<0.01) and a significant positive relationship with minimum and maximum temperature (p<0.05). This means that minimum and maximum temperatures increase as solar radiation increases (p<0.05). Relative humidity decreases as solar radiation increases. In Ikeja, solar radiation was found to have a significant negative relationship with relative humidity (r =-.350, p<0.01) and wind speed (r = -146, p<0.05) and significant positive relationship with minimum temperature (r =.410, p<0.05) and maximum temperature (r =.575, p<0.01). In conclusion, the variables like relative humidity, minimum temperature and wind speed are higher in the freshwater swamp area of Nigeria as compared to the Sudan savanna area, while the solar radiation, extraterrestrial radiation and maximum temperature are generally higher in the Sudan savanna area of Nigeria.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
Z.O. Jagun ◽  
M.B. Olajide ◽  
B.A. Wokoma ◽  
E.N. Osegi

This paper presents the capability of an emerging swarm intelligence technique for power loss minimization known as the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) used in the context of an Alternative Load Flow Analysis (LFA) technique (ABC-LFA) for the solution of a power systems network. Studies are performed considering the effect of an important parameter of the ABC, the “maxcycle” on the LFA process; experiments are conducted by applying the ABC-LFA to the Western System Coordinated Council (WSCC) 3-machine 9- bus power system and a section of the Nigerian 132-kV power transmission network Port-Harcourt Region (NPHC-132), and the results reported. The results indicate that increasing the value of the ABC “maxcycle” parameter has a pronounced effect on the results obtained by the ABC-LFA. The results also indicate the sensitivity of the ABC to low values of maxcycle parameter.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-739
Author(s):  
D. Mohammed ◽  
M.M. Maina ◽  
I. Audu ◽  
I.Y. Tudun Wada ◽  
N.K. Nasir

Salinity has become a major issue in most large scale irrigation schemes, assessing the extent of the spread has become daunting and laborious. Remote sensing techniques were used to map salinity and develop models for extracting and identifying salinity in soils. Sentinel-2B optical imaging satellite with 13 spectral bands and 10 m spatial resolution was used. SNAP Desktop, ERDAS Imagine, and ArcGIS 10.6 software were used as the main GIS packages for building models and running functions such as input, output, analysis, and processing. Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) techniques were carried out for the assessment of the spatial distribution of ECe and to predict salinity level at different locations of the Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP). Four models were developed, however, due to the lower Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), model 2 which is a combination of salinity Index and band 3 (Green band) was used in delineating the spatial extent of the salinity. Close monitoring of the salt development and application of reversal measures were recommended.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-761
Author(s):  
A.O. Eruola ◽  
A.A. Makinde ◽  
G.A. Eruola ◽  
K.O. Ayoola

This study assessed rainfall extremes for agricultural overview in Nigeria using trend analysis and probability of exceedance expressed as normal for an average at 50% exceedance, wet for greater than average 20% exceedance and dry for lower than average 80% exceedance. The annual rainfall trend indicated variability in the six geopolitical regions with North-East having the lowest range and South-South area with highest. The average monthly rainfall exceedance showed that all part of the Nigeria experienced rainfall more than 100 mm at all levels of probability. The rainfall exceedance time series indicated extremes as well as critical values of 20% and 80% exceedance conditions at many stations during the study period. The critical values of exceedances in dry occurrences are in short-time scales in Northern region while, wet exceedances occurrences for long time scales in South-East, South-West, North-Central and North-West. The study revealed periods of extreme rainfall of significant magnitude susceptible to crop failure in the different regions if reliable cropping management plans is not put in place.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-615
Author(s):  
S.C. Madu ◽  
E.A. Madu ◽  
C.O. Anyaoha ◽  
P.A. Okonkwo ◽  
U.C. Ogbuefi ◽  
...  

The use of auto sanitizer in the disinfection of human body and surfaces against dangerous micro-organisms like coronavirus diseases that are infectious is of great importance to schools, family, community, and public health. The outbreak of novel Coronavirus in late 2019, which has crippled the academic, social, and economic activities globally is as a result of unhygienic activities of living creatures like, man, and animals. But a good number of technologies can be developed to tackle the emergence of this novel infectious virus. The challenge of COVID-19 that resulted to ill-health, high death rate, and shutdown of activities was being addressed radically by different medical practitioners, engineers through various practical innovations, methods and mitigation approach - ranging from the use of face shields and respiratory facemasks to practicing of social and physical distancing. This part of preventive measures has led us to developing an Auto Sanitizer that is made of Aluminum Chamber which does not wet the cloth or human body but disinfects it against COVID-19.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-659
Author(s):  
A.O. Osayi ◽  
S.A. Lawal ◽  
M.B. Ndaliman ◽  
J.B. Agboola

Due to the negative effects associated with the wide use of mineral oil, the desire for eco-friendly cutting fluids as alternative to mineral oil has become a global issue. In this study, rubber seed oil was used to formulate oil-in-water emulsion cutting fluid. Full factorial design was used for the formulation of the oil-in-water emulsion cutting fluid. The optimal process parameters obtained were used for the formulation of the novel cutting fluid and the cutting fluid was characterised. The characteristics of the formulated cutting fluid shows viscosity of 4.25 mm2/s, pH value of 8.3, high stability and corrosion resistant. Box-Behnken design was used for the turning operation and the performance of the rubber seed oil cutting fluid was compared with mineral oil. The input parameters were cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, while the responses were surface roughness and cutting temperature. Coated carbide insert was used as cutting tool. The ANOVA results show that the feed rate had the most significant effect on the surface roughness and cutting temperature followed by the cutting speed and depth of cut during the turning process. It was observed that the rubber seed oil based cutting fluid reduced surface roughness and cutting temperature by 9.79% and 1.66% respectively and therefore, it can be concluded that the rubber seed oil based cutting fluid performed better than the mineral oil in turning of mild steel.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
T.O. Suoware ◽  
S.I. Umeh ◽  
S.O. Edelugo

Particleboard composites for building application has become very attractive because of their huge benefits which includes but is not limited to low cost, lightweight, durability and environmental benign. However, the vulnerability of these composite types when exposed to fire restricts their use in areas where stringent fire safety conditions may not apply. Experimental determination at bench scale of composite particleboard fire behaviour has shown that the addition of flame retardants (FR) can delay the start and spread of fire. Bench scale data obtained in the cone calorimeter (CC) may not represent accurately a real scale fore behaviour during a fire scenario as documented by various researchers. The convolution model is a significant tool for predicting in real scale, fire behaviour of composites which depends on experimental inputs from CC data. In this paper, particleboards made from wood sawdust reinforced polyester composite were processed with FR at 0, 15 and 18% loading ratio using compression moulding technique. Test specimens cut from the FR-particleboards was exposed in horizontal orientation in the CC at 50kW/m2 to obtain experimental data and these were used as inputs to the prediction model. The predictive tool was used to predict the heat released rate and smoke production rate for the FR-particleboard. The results obtained shows that the FR-particleboard contributes very limited fire in real scale and compares well based on Euro-classification with particleboards from literature.


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