Gambiense Sleeping Sickness In The Abraka Region Of Delta State, Nigeria: Passive Case Detection (Pcd) At The Baptist Medical Centre (BMC) Eku 1999 – 2004.

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
LU Airauhi ◽  
ES Idogun ◽  
CE Omuemu ◽  
ES Airauhi ◽  
KA Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Passive Case Detection

Effectiveness of passive case detection for imported malaria in a hospital setting in Sri Lanka during the prevention of re-introduction phase of malaria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyani Dharmawardena ◽  
Risintha Premaratne ◽  
Kamini Mendis ◽  
Rajitha Wickemasinghe ◽  
Chaturaka Rodrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Passive Case Detection

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re-establishment phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Kumudunayana T. de A. W Gunasekera ◽  
Risintha Premaratne ◽  
Deepika Fernando ◽  
Muzrif Munaz ◽  
M. G. Y. Piyasena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Passive Case Detection ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Detection Strategies ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Sri Lanka sustained its malaria-free status by implementing, among other interventions, three core case detection strategies namely Passive Case Detection (PCD), Reactive Case Detection (RACD) and Proactive Case Detection (PACD). The outcomes of these strategies were analysed in terms of their effectiveness in detecting malaria infections for the period from 2017-2019. Methods Comparisons were made between the surveillance methods and between years, based on data obtained from the national malaria database and individual case reports of malaria patients. The number of blood smears examined microscopically was used as the measure of the volume of tests conducted. The yield from each case detection method was calculated as the proportion of blood smears which were positive for malaria. Within RACD and PACD, the yield of sub categories of travel cohorts and spatial cohorts was ascertained for 2019. Results A total of 158 malaria cases were reported in 2017-2019. During this period between 666,325-725,149 blood smears were examined annually. PCD detected 95.6%, with a yield of 16.1 cases per 100,000 blood smears examined. RACD and PACD produced a yield of 11.2 and 0.3, respectively. The yield of screening the sub category of travel cohorts was very high for RACD and PACD being 806.5 and 44.9 malaria cases per 100,000 smears, respectively. Despite over half of the blood smears examined being obtained by screening spatial cohorts within RACD and PACD, the yield of both was zero over all three years. Conclusions The PCD arm of case surveillance is the most effective and, therefore, has to continue and be further strengthened as the mainstay of malaria surveillance. Focus on travel cohorts within RACD and PACD should be even greater. Screening of spatial cohorts, on a routine basis and solely because people are resident in previously malarious areas, may be wasteful, except in situations where the risk of local transmission is very high, or is imminent. These findings may apply more broadly to most countries in the post-elimination phase.

Probability of Resurgence and Scale of Transmission of COVID-19 in China Depend on Passive Case Detection Capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Pan ◽  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Ye Yao ◽  
Weibing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Case Detection ◽  
Passive Case Detection

Comparison of Active and Passive Case Detection Systems in Jepara District, Indonesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Utarini ◽  
D. Chandramohan ◽  
L. Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Case Detection ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Passive Case Detection

scholarly journals Malaria Incidence in Children in South-West Burkina Faso: Comparison of Active and Passive Case Detection Methods

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e86936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred B. Tiono ◽  
David T. Kangoye ◽  
Andrea M. Rehman ◽  
Désiré G. Kargougou ◽  
Youssouf Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
South West ◽  
Passive Case Detection

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Feasibility of Active and Passive Case Detection in the Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination Initiative in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhivinayak Hirve ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Axel Kroeger ◽  
Shri Prakash Singh ◽  
Suman Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Passive Case Detection

The effectiveness of contact investigation among contacts of tuberculosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100266
Author(s):  
Kavindhran Velen ◽  
Rashmi Vijay Shingde ◽  
Jennifer Ho ◽  
Greg James Fox
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Passive Case Detection

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of contact investigation in comparison to passive case-detection alone and estimated the yield of co-prevalent and incident tuberculosis (TB), and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among contacts of patients with TB.MethodsA systematic search was undertaken of studies published between January 1, 2011 and October 1, 2019 in the English language. The proportion of contacts diagnosed with co-prevalent TB, incident TB and/or LTBI was estimated. Evaluation of the effectiveness of contact investigation included randomised trials, while the yield of contact investigation (co-prevalent and incident TB and LTBI) was assessed in non-randomised studies.ResultsData were extracted from 244 studies, of which 187 studies measured the proportion of contacts diagnosed with TB disease and 135 studies measured LTBI prevalence. Individual randomised trials demonstrated that contact investigation increased TB case notification (RR 2.5 [95% CI: 2.0–3.2]), TB case detection (OR 1.34 [95% CI: 0.43–4.24]) and decreased mortality (RR 0.6 [95% CI: 0.4–0.8]) and population TB prevalence (risk ratio 0.82 [95% CI: 0.64–1.04]).The overall pooled prevalence of TB was 3.6% (95% CI: 3.3–4.0%; I2=98.9%, 181 studies). The pooled prevalence of microbiologically-confirmed TB was 3.2% (95% CI: 2.6–3.7%; I2=99.5%, 106 studies). The pooled incidence of TB was highest in the first year after exposure to index patients (2.0%, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3%; I2=96.2%, 14 studies) and substantially lower five years after exposure to index patient (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9%; 1 study). The pooled prevalence of LTBI among contacts was 42.4% (95% CI: 38.5–46.4%; I2=99.8%, 135 studies).Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis found that contact investigation was effective in high-burden settings. The higher pooled prevalence estimates of microbiologically-confirmed TB compared to previous reviews suggests newer rapid molecular diagnostics contribute to increased case detection.

scholarly journals Performance of passive case detection for malaria surveillance: results from nine countries in Mesoamerica and the Dominican Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rios-Zertuche ◽  
Keith H. Carter ◽  
Katie Panhorst Harris ◽  
Max Thom ◽  
Maria Paola Zúñiga-Brenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Passive Case Detection ◽  
Malaria Test

Abstract Background In malaria elimination settings, available metrics for malaria surveillance have been insufficient to measure the performance of passive case detection adequately. An indicator for malaria suspected cases with malaria test (MSCT) is proposed to measure the rate of testing on persons presenting to health facilities who satisfy the definition of a suspected malaria case. This metric does not rely on prior knowledge of fever prevalence, seasonality, or external denominators, and can be used to compare detection rates in suspected cases within and between countries, including across settings with different levels of transmission. Methods To compute the MSCT, an operational definition for suspected malaria cases was established, including clinical and epidemiological criteria. In general, suspected cases included: (1) persons with fever detected in areas with active malaria transmission; (2) persons with fever identified in areas with no active transmission and travel history to, or residence in areas with active transmission (either national or international); and (3) persons presenting with fever, chills and sweating from any area. Data was collected from 9 countries: Belize, Colombia (in areas with active transmission), Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama (September–March 2020). A sample of eligible medical records for 2018 was selected from a sample of health facilities in each country. An algorithm was constructed to assess if a malaria test was ordered or performed for cases that met the suspected case definition. Results A sample of 5873 suspected malaria cases was obtained from 239 health facilities. Except for Nicaragua and Colombia, malaria tests were requested in less than 10% of all cases. More cases were tested in areas with active transmission than areas without cases. Travel history was not systematically recorded in any country. Conclusions A statistically comparable, replicable, and standardized metric was proposed to measure suspected malaria cases with a test (microscopy or rapid diagnostic test) that enables assessing the performance of passive case detection. Cross-country findings have important implications for malaria and infectious disease surveillance, which should be promptly addressed as countries progress towards malaria elimination. Local and easy-to-implement tools could be implemented to assess and improve passive case detection.

scholarly journals The impact of passive case detection on the transmission dynamics of gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0006276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Checchi ◽  
Sebastian Funk ◽  
Daniel Chandramohan ◽  
François Chappuis ◽  
Daniel T. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Passive Case Detection ◽  
The Impact
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