Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Epidemiological Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolates in Korea by Phage Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

A total of 81 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis were analyzed by antibiotic susceptibility, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty-two isolates came from broiler carcasses and pig feces, and 49 isolates were from humans in Seoul and suburbs of Seoul, Korea. Antibiotic resistance was most prevalent among human isolates. Of human isolates, 89.8% were resistant to more than two antibiotics, while 64.7% of poultry isolates and 13.3% of pig isolates showed multiple resistance to more than two antibiotics. The most common phage type (PT) was PT1, followed by PT30 or 33, PT21 and PT20a. The isolates showed six PFGE patterns with XbaI or SpeI digestion, and five PFGE patterns with NotI digestion. But a single pattern, PFGE X1, S1, or N1, was predominant and the rest of the PFGE patterns differed by only one or two bands. Results indicated the spread of a genetically related clone of Salmonella Enteritidis in foods and humans in Korea and that phage typing as well as PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination for the epidemiological investigation of Salmonella Enteritidis.

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Comparison of PFGE, ribotyping and phage-typing in the epidemiological analysis ofCampylobacter jejuniserotype HS2 infections

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800058349 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 215-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

J. R. Gibson ◽

C. Fitzgerald ◽

R. J. Owen

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Phage Typing ◽

Epidemiological Investigation ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Typing Methods ◽

The Uk

SummaryIn this study we have evaluated the ability of three typing methods, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phage-typing and ribotyping, to discriminate not only between strains of differing serotypes but also between strains within a single serotype, heat stable serotype 2 (HS2). Forty-five isolates derived from cases of campylobacter enteritis occurring in the Cardiff area were examined. These included 18, mostly HS2, strains associated with an outbreak. The typing results for these and a further 39 epidemiologically unrelated strains of serotype HS2 were compared. This is the first report documenting the use of PFGE in an epidemiological investigation ofCampylobacter jejuniin the UK. The results presented suggest that this technique is the most discriminatory of the three subtvping methods examined.

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Phage typing combined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA increases discrimination in the epidemiological analysis of Salmonella enteritidis strains

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00007-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Idoia Laconcha ◽

Nuria López-Molina ◽

Aitor Rementeria ◽

Ana Audicana ◽

Ildefonso Perales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Phage Typing ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Pulsed Field

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Application of phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to analyse Salmonella enterica isolates from a suspected outbreak in Lagos, Nigeria

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.744 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 828-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kabiru Olusegun Akinyemi ◽

Werner Philipp ◽

Wolfgang Beyer ◽

Reinhard Böhm

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Human Infection ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Phage Typing ◽

Pfge Type ◽

Pulsed Field

Introduction: Inadequate potable water supply and poor sanitation predispose to food- and water-borne diseases associated with Salmonella enterica serovars in developing countries. In this study the possible source of an unprecedented upsurge of Salmonella-associated community gastroenteritis was traced using both phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Methodology: Nineteen Salmonella Typhimurium (three sporadic isolates included) and 13 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from clinical, animal, and environmental samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phage-typing, and PFGE analysis using standard procedures. Results: Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 outbreak-related multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium belonged to DT 71 phage type with cluster PFGE type X3, representing the most prevalent strain identified among human, animal, and environmental isolates. The remaining five (31.2%) outbreak-related strains reacted but did not conform with clear phage types (RDNC) with cluster PFGE types X1 and X2 (96.8% similarity). Sporadic strains were untypable and belonged to X4 PFGE type. However, the evaluated S. Enteritidis strains that were multidrug resistant without a definite phage type belonged to PFGE cluster type X1e and were identified among the water and human strains. None of the Typhimurium and Enteritdis isolates was resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotics that were evaluated. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the epidemiological usefulness of PFGE typing in the detection of emerging strains of multipledrug resistant Salmonella, particularly S. Typhimurium DT71, that pose serious health implications in our environment. The study provides epidemiological links between environmental reservoirs and human infection in this community.

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Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Types by Plasmid Analysis, Ribotyping, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.8.2314-2321.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 2314-2321 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

A. M. Ridley ◽

E. J. Threlfall ◽

B. Rowe

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Plasmid Profile ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Single Type ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Phage Types ◽

Reference Strains

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to resolveXbaI and SpeI macrorestriction fragments from 60 defined phage type (PT) reference strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The level of discrimination was compared to that afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping. Twenty-eight distinct XbaI pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) were observed, although a single type, PFP X1, predominated. Absence of the 57-kbspv-associated fragment was observed for three PT reference strains, and the profile was designated PFP X1A. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of a further four PT reference strains were altered by the presence of plasmid-associated bands. Twenty-sixSpeI-generated PFPs (plus one subtype) were observed for the same strains. No SpeI fragment corresponding to the 38-MDa serovar-specific plasmid was detected. The distribution ofXbaI and SpeI profiles did not always correspond, producing a total of 32 combined PFPs for the 60 PT reference strains. This compared with a total of 18 different plasmid profiles and three PvuII ribotypes generated by the same strains. The results of this study indicate that PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination over other genotypic typing methods for the epidemiological typing of S. enteritidis.

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Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1b and 6a isolates in Portugal

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268803008859 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. R. SOARES ◽

J. MACHADO

Keyword(s):

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Main Pattern

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is an important serovar comprising 76% of salmonella isolates in Portugal in 2001.For better understand the epidemiology of salmonellosis, a total of 47 isolates of S. Enteritidis phage type (PT) 1b and 6a were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and genomic DNA was subjected to macro restriction with XbaI. For PT1b isolates, only three different patterns were observed, and PT6a showed a total of 10 digestion patterns. Curiously, the main pattern among PT1b isolates seams quite similar to main pattern of PT6a isolates, but when the two patterns were analysed with Bionumerics, we observed that they exhibited some differences. It was concluded that, in 2001, there was one predominant pattern for PT1b and PT6a and, possibly, we were in presence of clonal strains that exists all over the country.

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Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Supports the Presence of Host-Adapted Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains in the British Garden Bird Population

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00131-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (22) ◽

pp. 8139-8144 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Becki Lawson ◽

Laura A. Hughes ◽

Tansy Peters ◽

Elizabeth de Pinna ◽

Shinto K. John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Phage Type ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Phage Typing ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Content Type ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Phage Types ◽

Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTSalmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within Great Britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. Postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from England and Wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. Salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. A subset of 124 fully biotypedSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium isolates was examined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the hypothesis that these strains are host adapted and to determine whether this molecular technique offers greater resolution in understanding the epidemiology ofSalmonellaTyphimurium infection than phage typing alone. For the two most common phage types, definitive type (DT) 40 and DT56v, which together accounted for 97% (120/124) of isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings closely correlated with phage type with remarkably few exceptions. A high degree of genetic similarity (>90%) was observed within and between the two most common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groups. No clustering or variation was found in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings by bird species, year, or geographical region beyond that revealed by phage typing. These findings support the hypothesis that there are currently two host-adaptedSalmonellaphage types,S. Typhimurium DT40 and DT56v, circulating widely in British garden birds and that the reservoir of infection is maintained within wild bird populations. Large-scale multilocus sequence typing studies are required to further investigate the epidemiology of this infection.

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