scholarly journals Application of phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to analyse Salmonella enterica isolates from a suspected outbreak in Lagos, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabiru Olusegun Akinyemi ◽  
Werner Philipp ◽  
Wolfgang Beyer ◽  
Reinhard Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Pulsed Field

Introduction: Inadequate potable water supply and poor sanitation predispose to food- and water-borne diseases associated with Salmonella enterica serovars in developing countries. In this study the possible source of an unprecedented upsurge of Salmonella-associated community gastroenteritis was traced using both phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Methodology: Nineteen Salmonella Typhimurium (three sporadic isolates included) and 13 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from clinical, animal, and environmental samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phage-typing, and PFGE analysis using standard procedures. Results: Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 outbreak-related multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium belonged to DT 71 phage type with cluster PFGE type X3, representing the most prevalent strain identified among human, animal, and environmental isolates. The remaining five (31.2%) outbreak-related strains  reacted but did not conform with clear phage types (RDNC) with cluster PFGE types X1 and X2 (96.8% similarity). Sporadic strains were untypable and belonged to X4 PFGE type. However, the evaluated S. Enteritidis strains that were multidrug resistant without a definite phage type belonged to PFGE cluster type X1e and were identified among the water and human strains. None of the Typhimurium and Enteritdis isolates was resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotics that were evaluated. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the epidemiological usefulness of PFGE typing in the detection of emerging strains of multipledrug resistant Salmonella, particularly S. Typhimurium DT71, that pose serious health implications in our environment. The study provides epidemiological links between environmental reservoirs and human infection in this community.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1b and 6a isolates in Portugal

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. SOARES ◽  
J. MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Main Pattern

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is an important serovar comprising 76% of salmonella isolates in Portugal in 2001.For better understand the epidemiology of salmonellosis, a total of 47 isolates of S. Enteritidis phage type (PT) 1b and 6a were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and genomic DNA was subjected to macro restriction with XbaI. For PT1b isolates, only three different patterns were observed, and PT6a showed a total of 10 digestion patterns. Curiously, the main pattern among PT1b isolates seams quite similar to main pattern of PT6a isolates, but when the two patterns were analysed with Bionumerics, we observed that they exhibited some differences. It was concluded that, in 2001, there was one predominant pattern for PT1b and PT6a and, possibly, we were in presence of clonal strains that exists all over the country.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Supports the Presence of Host-Adapted Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains in the British Garden Bird Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 8139-8144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becki Lawson ◽  
Laura A. Hughes ◽  
Tansy Peters ◽  
Elizabeth de Pinna ◽  
Shinto K. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTSalmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within Great Britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. Postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from England and Wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. Salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. A subset of 124 fully biotypedSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium isolates was examined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the hypothesis that these strains are host adapted and to determine whether this molecular technique offers greater resolution in understanding the epidemiology ofSalmonellaTyphimurium infection than phage typing alone. For the two most common phage types, definitive type (DT) 40 and DT56v, which together accounted for 97% (120/124) of isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings closely correlated with phage type with remarkably few exceptions. A high degree of genetic similarity (>90%) was observed within and between the two most common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groups. No clustering or variation was found in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings by bird species, year, or geographical region beyond that revealed by phage typing. These findings support the hypothesis that there are currently two host-adaptedSalmonellaphage types,S. Typhimurium DT40 and DT56v, circulating widely in British garden birds and that the reservoir of infection is maintained within wild bird populations. Large-scale multilocus sequence typing studies are required to further investigate the epidemiology of this infection.

scholarly journals Multiple Clones within Multidrug-ResistantSalmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Phage Type DT104

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1269-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Markogiannakis ◽  
Panayotis T. Tassios ◽  
Maria Lambiri ◽  
Linda R. Ward ◽  
Jenny Kourea-Kremastinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field

Six distinct clones were present among Greek multidrug-resistantSalmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104, since isolates belonging to resistance phenotypes including the ACSSuT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) core could be distinguished with respect to their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, int1 integron structures, and presence or absence of antibiotic resistance genesant(3")-Ia, pse-1, and tem-1.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis to Typing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8236-8240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Doran ◽  
Dearbhaile Morris ◽  
Colette O'Hare ◽  
Niall DeLappe ◽  
Bernard Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is frequently isolated from humans and animals. Phage typing is historically the first-line reference typing technique in Europe. It is rapid and convenient for laboratories with appropriate training and experience, and costs of consumables are low. Phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed on 503 isolates of serovar Typhimurium. Twenty-nine phage types and 53 PFGE patterns were observed. Most isolates of phage types DT104, DT104b, and U310 are not distinguishable from other members of their phage type by PFGE. By contrast, PFGE of isolates of phage types DT193 and U302 shows great heterogeneity. Analysis of experience with PFGE and phage typing can facilitate the selective application of PFGE to maximize the yield of epidemiologically relevant additional information while controlling costs.

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Epidemiological Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolates in Korea by Phage Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN-HEE CHUNG ◽  
YOUNG-IL KWON ◽  
SOO-YOUNG KIM ◽  
SHUK-HO KIM ◽  
BOK-KWON LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Related Clone ◽  
Single Pattern

A total of 81 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis were analyzed by antibiotic susceptibility, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty-two isolates came from broiler carcasses and pig feces, and 49 isolates were from humans in Seoul and suburbs of Seoul, Korea. Antibiotic resistance was most prevalent among human isolates. Of human isolates, 89.8% were resistant to more than two antibiotics, while 64.7% of poultry isolates and 13.3% of pig isolates showed multiple resistance to more than two antibiotics. The most common phage type (PT) was PT1, followed by PT30 or 33, PT21 and PT20a. The isolates showed six PFGE patterns with XbaI or SpeI digestion, and five PFGE patterns with NotI digestion. But a single pattern, PFGE X1, S1, or N1, was predominant and the rest of the PFGE patterns differed by only one or two bands. Results indicated the spread of a genetically related clone of Salmonella Enteritidis in foods and humans in Korea and that phage typing as well as PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination for the epidemiological investigation of Salmonella Enteritidis.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Types by Plasmid Analysis, Ribotyping, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ridley ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Reference Strains

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to resolveXbaI and SpeI macrorestriction fragments from 60 defined phage type (PT) reference strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The level of discrimination was compared to that afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping. Twenty-eight distinct XbaI pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) were observed, although a single type, PFP X1, predominated. Absence of the 57-kbspv-associated fragment was observed for three PT reference strains, and the profile was designated PFP X1A. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of a further four PT reference strains were altered by the presence of plasmid-associated bands. Twenty-sixSpeI-generated PFPs (plus one subtype) were observed for the same strains. No SpeI fragment corresponding to the 38-MDa serovar-specific plasmid was detected. The distribution ofXbaI and SpeI profiles did not always correspond, producing a total of 32 combined PFPs for the 60 PT reference strains. This compared with a total of 18 different plasmid profiles and three PvuII ribotypes generated by the same strains. The results of this study indicate that PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination over other genotypic typing methods for the epidemiological typing of S. enteritidis.

Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Clinically Diseased Pigs in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANG-IK OH ◽  
JONG WAN KIM ◽  
MYEONGJU CHAE ◽  
JI-A JUNG ◽  
BYUNGJAE SO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from clinically diseased pigs collected from 2008 to 2014 in Korea. Isolates were also characterized according to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Among 94 Salmonella isolates, 81 (86.2%) were identified as being of the Salmonella Typhimurium serotype, followed by Salmonella Derby (6 of 94, 6.4%), Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:− (4 of 94, 4.3%), Salmonella Enteritidis (2 of 94, 2.1%), and Salmonella Brandenburg (1 of 94, 1.1%). The majority of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to tetracycline (92.6%), followed by streptomycin (88.9%) and ampicillin (80.2%). Overall, 96.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes and commonly harbored the resistance genes blaTEM (64.9%), flo (32.8%), aadA (55.3%), strA (58.5%), strB (58.5%), sulII (53.2%), and tetA (61.7%). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 45 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from individual farms revealed 27 distinct patterns that formed one major and two minor clusters in the dendrogram analysis, suggesting that most of the isolates (91.1%) from diseased pigs were genetically related. These findings can assist veterinarians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents to combat Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and genetic status in Salmonella Typhimurium for the detection of emerging resistance trends.

Monitoring of Layer Feed and Eggs for Salmonella in Eastern Japan between 1993 and 1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUTOSHI SHIROTA ◽  
HIROMITSU KATOH ◽  
TOSHIYUKI MURASE ◽  
TOSHIHIRO ITO ◽  
KOICHI OTSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Eastern Japan ◽  
Layer Farm

In order to investigate contamination of chicken farms with Salmonella, feed and eggs were sampled from 16 commercial layer farms in eastern Japan between 1993 and 1998 and cultured for salmonellae. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates belonging to 19 serovars were obtained from the feed. Six of the 19 serotypes, including Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, were observed in isolates recovered from the eggs. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis strains obtained from a feed sample and egg contents in a layer farm showed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns that were genetically related and belonged to a single phage type, suggesting that the contamination of the farms was linked to the occurrence of salmonellae in feed.

scholarly journals Correlation of change in phage type with pulsed field profile and 16S rrn profile in Salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 7 and 9a

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Powell ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
H. Chart ◽  
S. L. Schofield ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Field Profile ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Reference Strains

SUMMARYUsing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and 16S rRNA (rrn) analysis (ribotyping). the in viro derivation of strains of Salmonella enteritidis PTs 9a and 7 from a strain of S. enteritidis PT 4 has been demonstrated. All strains were isolated from a single patient over a 6-week period. Further studies have demonstrated that in terms of pulsed-field profile and ribotype, the genotypes of the patient-derived strains differed from those of the reference strains of the respective phage types. It is concluded that when used in combination, these methods can provide evidence of phylogenetic relationships in apparently unrelated S. enteritidis phage types isolated during pathogenesis of disease.

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