Totalitarian regimes and Cold War sport: steroid “Übermenschen” and “ball-bearing females”

2012 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

scholarly journals An Inclusive History for a Divided World?

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Frolova-Walker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Soviet Music

ABSTRACTThe article discusses various historiographical problems created by Soviet music and, more broadly, music under the so-called ‘totalitarian’ regimes for the conventional modernism-driven narrative of the twentieth century. It reviews a number of existing challenges to the dominant narrative within musicology and related fields such as art and architectural history, and it proposes ways in which we can move forward. In conclusion, the author considers the new challenges to the breaking down of cold-war barriers, not only in a historical sense, but also today, in the midst of a new cold war.

scholarly journals Masterpieces in an Inferno. Censorship in Cold War Translation Experiences (Micaela Ghițescu’s and Antoaneta Ralian’s Memoirs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Andrada Fătu-Tutoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Academic Professions

"The difficult problem of accurately translating both form and message takes a complicated turn when we refer to the translation of literature under Cold War totalitarian regimes. On the one hand, translation was a field in which many Romanian writers or prestigious intellectuals took refuge when banished from other cultural or academic professions. On the other hand, the system involved all along the phenomenon of censorship and self-censorship, literary purges and the organisation of secret funds. These political interferences that marked the translation process are discussed in the memoirs which serve as the focus of this paper."

The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Christopher Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Way

During the twentieth century, Christmas became a truly global holiday. The spread of the holiday, however, produced conflicts regarding Christmas’s meaning and the way it was practised by different communities. As different peoples encountered a variety of Christmas traditions at local, national, and global levels, ambivalence emerged about the changes in customary observances such encounters potentially facilitated. The identification of Christmas traditions with specific national communities placed the holiday at the centre of the century’s nationalist politics, especially those of totalitarian regimes, as well as contributing to the experiences of the two world wars and the Cold War. Christmas’s increasing commercialization likewise raised concerns about whether it was becoming too secular. The disputed character of the holiday attests to the important role Christmas continued to play annually for a large swathe of the global populace as a holiday capable of producing a range of intense emotional responses.

Cold War Psychology in Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Second World

The Cold War took place between 1948 and 1991 and centered on the antagonism between the two great superpowers, the US and the USSR, each with its allies and areas of influence. If the US had a significant influence in the West, the USSR dominated the countries of Eastern Europe. The USSR violently imposed communist totalitarian regimes after the end of the Second World War in the countries behind the Iron Curtain: the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania. The psychological traditions consolidated up to that time were in many of these countries eradicated, meaning the restructuring or abolition of higher education, the abolition of scientific societies and journals. Many psychologists with connections to the Western academic world were purged and persecuted. There was the will to build a new socialist psychology, based strictly on Marxist ideology and Pavlovian physiology. Theories or approaches that did not reflect official ideology were forbidden and labeled as bourgeois pseudoscience. Authorities severely punished psychological practice based on such theories. There were similarities between what happened in these countries, especially in the first decade of the imposition of communism. However, after the death of Joseph Stalin, things developed somewhat differently in each country. Although in some places ideological policies in science had a progressive tendency toward liberalization, in other places there was significant negative interferences throughout the communist period. Due to this diversity, it is somewhat challenging to frame the development of psychology in Eastern Europe during the Cold War from a unitary perspective.

To Hell and Beyond: The European Civilisational Crisis of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-63
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
European Project ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The main focus of the chapter is on the first half of the short twentieth century as a background to European integration, but it contains some reflections on subsequent developments. Against the widely current description of the period from 1914 to 1945 as a time of European civil war, it is argued that the notion of a civilisational crisis is more adequate, and this crisis is best understood in terms of modernity as a distinctive civilisation with specific European variations. Global wars and totalitarian regimes, based on ideological absolutizations of class and nation as historical actors, are the defining features of the crisis period. The following phase, characterised by the Cold War, was partly a step beyond the crisis, partly a perpetuation of its dynamics. The process of European integration, unfolding in this context, was a response to the most traumatic experiences of the crisis, but also an attempt to move beyond the constellation that had proved conducive to disasters. This latter aspect may be described as the civilisational dimension of the European project. The concatenation of circumstances and intentions is a matter for historical interpretation, rather than strong theories; in this regard, the work of Alan Milward is exemplary.

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