Molecular approaches to the study of sex determination in dioecious Silene latifolia

2004 ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Charles P. Scutt ◽  
E.Robertson Shona ◽  
E.Willis Malcolm ◽  
Yasuko Kamisugi ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Molecular Approaches

scholarly journals Sex-determination and sex chromosomes are shared across the radiation of dioecious Nepenthes pitcher plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Scharmann ◽  
T. Ulmar Grafe ◽  
Faizah Metali ◽  
Alex Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractPlants with separate sexes (dioecy) represent a minority but dioecy has evolved multiple times independently in plants. Our understanding of sex determination systems in plants and of the ecological factors and molecular changes associated with the evolution of dioecy remain limited. Here, we study the sex-determination system in dioecious plants that lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes and are not amenable to controlled breeding: Nepenthes pitcher plants. We genotyped wild populations of flowering males and females of three Nepenthes taxa using ddRAD-seq, and sequenced a male inflorescence transcriptome. We developed a novel statistical tool (privacy rarefaction) to distinguish true sex-specificity from stochastic noise in high-throughput sequencing data. Our results support XY-systems in all three Nepenthes taxa and in Silene latifolia which was used as a positive control for its known XY-system. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome showed little conservation among the three Nepenthes taxa, except for the essential pollen development gene DYT1 which was also male-specific in additional taxa. Hence, this homomorphic XY sex-determination system likely has a unique origin older than the crown of the genus Nepenthes at c. 17.7 My. In addition to the characterisation of the previously unknown sex chromosomes of Nepenthes, our work contributes an innovative, highly sensitive statistical method to efficiently detect sex-specific genomic regions in wild populations in general.

scholarly journals Development of the VIGS System in the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Fujita ◽  
Yusuke Kazama ◽  
Noriko Yamagishi ◽  
Kyoko Watanabe ◽  
Saki Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Dioecious Plant

(1) Background: Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant, whose sex is determined by XY-type sex chromosomes. Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is a smut fungus that infects S. latifolia plants and causes masculinization in female flowers, as if Microbotryum were acting as a sex-determining gene. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have promised to provide candidate genes that are involved in the sex determination machinery in plants. These candidate genes are to be analyzed for functional characterization. A virus vector can be a tool for functional gene analyses; (2) Methods: To develop a viral vector system in S. latifolia plants, we selected Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) as an appropriate virus vector that has a wide host range; (3) Results: Following the optimization of the ALSV inoculation method, S. latifolia plants were infected with ALSV at high rates in the upper leaves. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that ALSV can migrate into the flower meristems in S. latifolia plants. Successful VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) in S. latifolia plants was demonstrated with knockdown of the phytoene desaturase gene. Finally, the developed method was applied to floral organ genes to evaluate its usability in flowers; (4) Conclusion: The developed system enables functional gene analyses in S. latifolia plants, which can unveil gene functions and networks of S. latifolia plants, such as the mechanisms of sex determination and fungal-induced masculinization.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterisation And Molecular Sex Determination Of Human Remains From The 15th–17th Centuries In Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Ščėsnaitė-Jerdiakova ◽  
Liāna Pliss ◽  
Guntis Gerhards ◽  
Elīna Pētersone Gordina ◽  
Agnija Gustiņa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Full Agreement ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Molecular Sex Determination

Abstract Sex determination is one of the most important and initial steps in human profile identification from archaeological material. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the application of molecular approaches alongside morphological methods for sex determination in archaeological human skeletal remains. Human skeletal remains were excavated from three cemeteries: St Gertrude Old Church, Dom Square and St Peter’s Church, of 15th–17th century burials in Rīga, Latvia. Morphological and molecular genetic methods, including amplification of genes AMELX/Y and SRY were used to analyse seven skeletal remains. The conducted analyses of morphological features identified sex in all seven cases (two females and five males). By molecular analyses of mediaeval DNA it was possible to determine sex in five of seven (71%) samples. In all positive cases full agreement between morphological estimation and molecular genetic methods was observed. To conclude, DNA analysis can be considered for sex identification in cases with no signs of sexual dimorphism (juvenile skeletons) or partially preserved skeletons.

scholarly journals Mapping of Sex Determination Loci on the White Campion (Silene latifolia) Y Chromosome Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Lebel-Hardenack ◽  
Elizabeth Hauser ◽  
Teresa F Law ◽  
Jurg Schmid ◽  
Sarah R Grant
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Stamen Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract S. latifolia is a dioecious plant with morphologically distinct sex chromosomes. To genetically map the sex determination loci on the male-specific Y chromosome, we identified X-ray-induced sex determination mutants that had lost male traits. We used male-specific AFLP markers to characterize the extent of deletions in the Y chromosomes of the mutants. We then compared overlapping deletions to predict the order of the AFLP markers and to locate the mutated sex-determining genes. We found three regions on the Y chromosome where frequent deletions were significantly associated with loss of male traits. One was associated with hermaphroditic mutants. A second was associated with asexual mutants that lack genes needed for early stamen development and a third was associated with asexual mutants that lack genes for late stages of stamen development. Our observations confirmed a classical genetic prediction that S. latifolia has three dispersed male-determining loci on the Y chromosome, one for carpel suppression, one for early stamen development, and another for late stamen development. This AFLP map provides a framework for locating genes on the Y chromosome and for characterizing deletions on the Y chromosomes of potentially interesting mutants.

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