scholarly journals Mapping of Sex Determination Loci on the White Campion (Silene latifolia) Y Chromosome Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Lebel-Hardenack ◽  
Elizabeth Hauser ◽  
Teresa F Law ◽  
Jurg Schmid ◽  
Sarah R Grant
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Stamen Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract S. latifolia is a dioecious plant with morphologically distinct sex chromosomes. To genetically map the sex determination loci on the male-specific Y chromosome, we identified X-ray-induced sex determination mutants that had lost male traits. We used male-specific AFLP markers to characterize the extent of deletions in the Y chromosomes of the mutants. We then compared overlapping deletions to predict the order of the AFLP markers and to locate the mutated sex-determining genes. We found three regions on the Y chromosome where frequent deletions were significantly associated with loss of male traits. One was associated with hermaphroditic mutants. A second was associated with asexual mutants that lack genes needed for early stamen development and a third was associated with asexual mutants that lack genes for late stages of stamen development. Our observations confirmed a classical genetic prediction that S. latifolia has three dispersed male-determining loci on the Y chromosome, one for carpel suppression, one for early stamen development, and another for late stamen development. This AFLP map provides a framework for locating genes on the Y chromosome and for characterizing deletions on the Y chromosomes of potentially interesting mutants.

Y chromosome specific markers and the evolution of dioecy in the genus Silene

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hi Zhang ◽  
Veronica S Stilio ◽  
Farah Rehman ◽  
Amy Avery ◽  
David Mulcahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Genus Silene ◽  
Evolution Of Dioecy

Sex determination in plants has been most thoroughly investigated in Silene latifolia, a dioecious species possessing heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We have identified several new Y chromosome linked RAPD markers and converted these to more reliable sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers by cloning the RAPD fragments and developing longer primers. Of the primer pairs for seven SCARs, five amplify a single, unique fragment from the DNA of male S. latifolia. Two sets of primers also amplify additional fragments common to males and females. Homology between the X and Y chromosomes is sufficient to allow the amplification of fragments from females under less stringent PCR conditions. Five of the SCARs also distinguish between the sexes of closely related dioecious taxa of the section Elisanthe, but not between the sexes of distantly related dioecious species. These markers will be useful for continued investigations into the evolution of sex, phylogenetic relationships among taxa, and population dynamics of sex ratios in the genus Silene.Key words: Melandrium, RAPDs, sex chromosomes, SCARs.

Assays of testis development in the mouse distinguish three classes of domesticus-type Y chromosome

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred G. Biddle ◽  
Yutaka Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Differential Interaction ◽  
Y Chromosomes

The Y chromosome of Mus musculus poschiavinus interacts with the autosomal recessive gene tda-1b of the C57BL/6J laboratory strain of the house mouse to cause complete or partial sex reversal. Ovaries or ovotestes develop in a substantial proportion of the XY fetuses. Several different Y-specific DNA probes distinguish two major types of Y chromosome in the house mouse and they are represented by M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus. The poschiavinus Y chromosome appears identical to the domesticus Y. The developmental distribution of the gonad types was examined in the first backcross or N2 generation of fetuses in C57BL/6J with six different domesticus-type Y chromosomes and, as controls, three different musculus-type Y chromosomes. Gonadal hermaphrodites were found with three of the six domesticus-type Y chromosomes. Both overall frequency and phenotypic distribution of types of gonadal hermaphrodites identify three classes of domesticus-type Y chromosome by their differential interaction with the C57BL/6J genetic background.Key words: mouse, Y chromosomes, gonadal hermaphrodites, primary sex determination.

H-Y antigen and sex determination

1988 ◽  
Vol 322 (1208) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Male Skin ◽  
Male Specific

The primary development of a male rather than a female gonad in mammals is determined by the presence of a Y chromosome. The other property unique to the Y chromosome is the occurrence of a cell-surface antigen (designated H-Y) which distinguishes male from female. Thus it was determined that male grafts were rejected by otherwise histocompatible females of the same inbred strain and later that H-Y-specific cytolytic T cells were produced by these grafted mice. When it was determined that females grafted with male skin produced antibody defining a serologically detectable male antigen (which may or may not be the same as H-Y), further immunogenetic analysis of this antigenic system became possible in terms of humoral and cellular factors. By using this assay it was demonstrated that the antigen was phylogenetically conserved and that it was expressed in the male mouse embryo as early as the 8-cell stage of development. The notion that H-Y was a single molecular species responsible for triggering the indifferent gonad to differentiate into the testis became a widely accepted hypothesis. In this report the H-Y antigenic system is traced historically from its original description to the role played in testis development. Data are presented which suggest that although H-Y is a male-specific factor and may play a role in male sex determination, it is unlikely that it is the primary inducer of testis differentiation.

Mapping the Y chromosome

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
P. N. Goodfellow
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Variable Amount ◽  
Regional Localization ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Xx Males ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

DNA probes isolated from the human Y chromosome have been used to resolve two fundamental problems concerning the biology of sex determination in man. Coincidentally, resolution of these problems has generated genetic maps of the short arm of the human Y chromosome and has allowed the regional localization of TDF. The first problem to be solved was the origin of XX males (de la Chapelle, this symposium): the majority of XX males are caused by a telomeric exchange between the X and Y chromosomes that results in TDF and a variable amount of Y-derived material being transferred to the X chromosome. The differing amounts of Y-derived material present in XX males has been used as the basis of a ‘deletion’ map of the Y chromosome (Müller; Ferguson-Smith & Affara; this symposium).

Sex determination in mice: Y and chromosome 17 interactions

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Edward J. Durbin ◽  
Laura L. Tres
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Type Chromosome

Mice provide material for studies of Y-chromosomal and autosomal sequences involved in sex determination. Eicher and coworkers have identified four subregions in the mouse Y chromosome, one of which corresponds to the Sxr fragment. This fragment demonstrates that only a small portion of the Y is necessary for male sex determination. The mouse Y chromosome also shows variants: the BALB/cWt Y chromosome, which causes nondisjunction of the Y in some germ cells leading to XO and XYY cells and resulting in many infertile true hermaphrodites; the YDom, a wild-type chromosome which can result in sex reversal on a C57BL/6J background; and Y-chromosomal variants detected with Y-derived genomic DNA clones among inbred strains. Two different autosomal loci affecting sex differentiation have been identified in the mouse by Eicher and coworkers. The first of these has not been mapped to a particular chromosome and has been designated Tda-1 (Testis-determining autosomal-1). This is the locus in C57BL/6J mice at which animals must be homozygous in order to develop as true hermaphrodites or sex-reversed animals in the presence of YDom. The other locus has been identified on proximal chromosome 17. This locus also caused hermaphrodites on the C57BL/6J background and it is most easily interpreted as a locus deleted in 7hp. It is located in a region on chromosome 17 containing other genes or DNA sequences that may be related to sex determination. These include both the Hye (histocompatibility Y expression) locus that affects the amount of male-specific antigen detected by serological and cell-mediated assays and a concentration of Bkm sequences. Despite the Y and chromosomal 17 localizations of Bkm sequences, there is no evidence that transcripts from these are involved in sex determination: RNA hybridizing to sense and anti-sense Bkm clones can be detected in day-14 fetal gonads of both sexes.

scholarly journals Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdeep Matharu Lall ◽  
Maarten H. D. Larmuseau ◽  
Jon H. Wetton ◽  
Chiara Batini ◽  
Pille Hallast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Specific Contribution ◽  
Short Tandem

Abstract The influence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We find three specifically Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; star-like features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian influence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are significantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-specific contribution, or the influence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.

scholarly journals Isolation of X and Y Chromosome-Specific DNA Markers From a Liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, by Representational Difference Analysis

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-985
Author(s):  
Masaki Fujisawa ◽  
Kiwako Hayashi ◽  
Tomohisa Nishio ◽  
Tomoyuki Bando ◽  
Sachiko Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Representational Difference Analysis ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific

Abstract The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has X and Y chromosomes in the respective female and male haploids. Here we report the successful exploitation of representational difference analyses to isolate DNA markers for the sex chromosomes. Two female-specific and six male-specific DNA fragments were genetically confirmed to originate from the X and Y chromosomes, respectively.

scholarly journals Sex-determination and sex chromosomes are shared across the radiation of dioecious Nepenthes pitcher plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Scharmann ◽  
T. Ulmar Grafe ◽  
Faizah Metali ◽  
Alex Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractPlants with separate sexes (dioecy) represent a minority but dioecy has evolved multiple times independently in plants. Our understanding of sex determination systems in plants and of the ecological factors and molecular changes associated with the evolution of dioecy remain limited. Here, we study the sex-determination system in dioecious plants that lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes and are not amenable to controlled breeding: Nepenthes pitcher plants. We genotyped wild populations of flowering males and females of three Nepenthes taxa using ddRAD-seq, and sequenced a male inflorescence transcriptome. We developed a novel statistical tool (privacy rarefaction) to distinguish true sex-specificity from stochastic noise in high-throughput sequencing data. Our results support XY-systems in all three Nepenthes taxa and in Silene latifolia which was used as a positive control for its known XY-system. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome showed little conservation among the three Nepenthes taxa, except for the essential pollen development gene DYT1 which was also male-specific in additional taxa. Hence, this homomorphic XY sex-determination system likely has a unique origin older than the crown of the genus Nepenthes at c. 17.7 My. In addition to the characterisation of the previously unknown sex chromosomes of Nepenthes, our work contributes an innovative, highly sensitive statistical method to efficiently detect sex-specific genomic regions in wild populations in general.

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