The Political Economy of Nontariff Barriers: A Cross-national Analysis

2002 ◽  
pp. 363-375
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

The political economy of nontariff barriers: a cross-national analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Mansfield ◽  
Marc L. Busch
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Cross National

Nontariff barriers to trade are most pervasive when deteriorating macroeconomic conditions give rise to demands for protection by pressure groups, when countries are sufficiently large to give policymakers incentives to impose protection, and when domestic institutions enhance the ability of public officials to act on these incentives. Statistical results based on a sample of advanced industrial countries during the 1980s support the argument that the incidence of nontariff barriers tends to be greatest when the preferences of pressure groups and policymakers converge. More attention should be devoted to the interaction between societal and statist factors in cross-national studies of trade policy.

Sounds without borders: Exploring the cross-national expansion of commercial European Radio Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 026732312110121
Author(s):  
Montse Bonet ◽  
David Fernández-Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
National Market ◽  
The Cross ◽  
National Champions ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Expansion Strategies

This article aims to study how private European radio is becoming commercially international through the expansion of radio brands beyond their national market. It is the first ever analysis of the expansion strategies of radio groups across Europe, including their footprint in each market in which they operate, from the political economy of cultural industries. The article maps the main radio groups in Europe, analyses cross-national champions in depth and establishes three main types. This study shows that, thanks to the possibilities of a deregulated market, strengthening the role of the brand and the format, and the agreements with other groups, broadcasting radio has overcome the obstacles that, historically, hindered its cross-border expansion.

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