The First Jews in America: New York and the Middle Colonies

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Colonies

Gilbert Tennent, Established “Dissenter”

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet F. Fishburn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
Middle Colonies

Gilbert Tennent (1703–1764), an “Ulster Scot” born the same year as John Wesley, is usually remembered as a leader of revivals during the “Great Awakening” in the middle-colonies. John Witherspoon (1723–1794), a “champion of orthodoxy” from Edinburgh called to be the President of the College of New Jersey, is usually treated as a “founding father” of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. However, many events leading up to the first General Assembly in 1788 reflect the influence of Gilbert Tennet, the moderator of the newly re-united Synods of Philadelphia and New York in 1758.

Another Look at Frelinghuysen and His “Awakening”

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-438
Author(s):  
Herman Harmelink
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Middle Colonies

The extremely favourable assessment by historians of the life and career of Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen (1691-c. 1748) as a forerunner of the Great Awakening is a puzzling one to those familiar with the Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York. Three works are mostly frequently quoted in making this favourable assessment: Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen by Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen (1938); The Great Awakening in the Middle Colonies, by C. H. Maxson (1920); and Eight Memorial Sermons and Historical Notes, by Abraham Messier (1873). Peter Frelinghuysen quotes Maxson and Messier extensively. Maxson quotes Messier extensively.

Redemption theories and the value of American colonial paper money

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Michener
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Middle Colonies ◽  
The Revolution

Before the Revolution American colonies issued paper money known as ‘bills of credit’. The bills issued in the Middle colonies held their value surprisingly well despite large wartime fluctuations in the quantity issued, but those issued in New England depreciated as the quantity in circulation increased. The bills' stable purchasing power in the Middle colonies has often been attributed to the redemption provisions enacted when the bills were issued. Similar provisions in New England supposedly failed because New England failed to enforce them. This article explores the comparative enforcement of redemption provisions in the two regions, and in New York in particular, and concludes that differential enforcement does not explain the disparity between the New England experience and that in the Middle colonies.

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