The importance of ultra-high-speed railways for China in the twenty-first century

Author(s):  
P. A. Deshmukh

The idea of using Main Memory Database (MMDB) as physical memory is not new but is in existence quite since a decade. MMDB have evolved from a period when they were only used for caching or in high-speed data systems to a time now in twenty first century when they form a established part of the mainstream IT. Early in this century, although larger main memories were affordable but processors were not fast enough for main memory databases to be admired. However, today’s processors are faster, available in multicore and multiprocessor configurations having 64-bit memory addressability stocked with multiple gigabytes of main memory. Thus, MMDBs definitely call for a solution for meeting the requirements of next generation IT challenges. To aid this swing, database systems are reconsidered to handle implementation issues adjoining the inherent differences between disk and memory storage and gain performance benefits. This paper is a review on Main Memory Databases (MMDB).


Author(s):  
Walter Mattli

A key component of the infrastructure of global capital markets—exchanges—has undergone dramatic transformations since the start of the twenty-first century. Two are particularly notable. First, traditional floor trading and ‘market-making’ by humans have been replaced by supercomputer interactions and algorithmic high-speed trading. And, second, previously centralized domestic exchange structures have become decentralized or fragmented, with many exchanges and alternative trading platforms competing for business. This chapter introduces a unique set of chapters by leading scholars, industry insiders, and regulators shedding light on how these changes have impacted on core public policy objectives such as investor protection, reduction of systemic risk, fairness, efficiency, and transparency in markets for the benefit of society at large.


2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perri Six ◽  
Nick Goodwin ◽  
Edward Peck ◽  
Tim Freeman

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