The main goals and objectives of those who are engaged in the study of local history, is not only educational activities, but also historical, cultural and environmental. For several decades in the study of such science as local history, researchers have made great strides, significantly increasing public interest. The concept of local lore as it developed was divided into several branches of knowledge, such as literary local lore, historical, geographical, and the like. In this paper, we will focus on the results that have been achieved by historical science to date and consider the development of local history on the example of Smolensk region.