Foreign Ownership in Canada's Petroleum Sector

Author(s):  
Alan R. Winberg
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lim

Abstract This article focusses on Chinese contractual practice in the energy sector and related sectors – principally in China’s inbound and outbound investments in the petroleum sector as well as in other energy-related financing and infrastructure construction contracts. Its concern is with the drafting of Belt and Road contracts, especially where this may lead to contract ‘internationalisation’. The article also discusses the interplay between Chinese contracts and treaties. It asks if there is Chinese receptiveness to international principles in seeking to protect the rights of Chinese as well as foreign parties. A preliminary finding is that there is an asymmetry between what Chinese upstream oil contracts do in protecting foreign ownership interests, even to the point of evincing Chinese acceptance of the ‘internationalisation’ of contracts, and the intergovernmental work done through negotiated treaty terms to protect Chinese investments abroad.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jonghoon Nam ◽  
David Yong Ko ◽  
Mugoan Jeong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kilumelume ◽  
Hayley Reynolds ◽  
Amina Ebrahim

The identification of foreign firms and South African multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the CIT-IRP5 panel has proved to be a challenge for many researchers. The CIT-IRP5 panel contains variables indicating different thresholds that determine foreign ownership. The dataset also has variables that researchers can use to identify South African MNEs. Using the approaches employed by researchers who have attempted to identify foreign firms and South African MNEs in the data, four foreign firms and MNE indicators have been added to the CIT-IRP5 panel v4.0. This technical note documents the approach followed in the creation of each indicator. This note also highlights the possible company classifications in the data and fields on the ITR14 form that can be used to identify these classifications.


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