Enlightened reformism in Iberian culture and science

2019 ◽  
pp. 500-518
Author(s):  
Hugh Cagle ◽  
Matthew Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Culture

Are Catalans ignoring archaeology?

Antiquity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (321) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. James
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
Iberian Culture

So declares the new introduction to the Museum of Archaeology of Catalonia (MAC), in Barcelona. It is too modest. The collection is big. It concentrates on Catalonia and its culture area but there are finds from further afield, notably Bronze Age Argaric material. Extensive space is devoted to the late prehistory of the Balearic Islands, a magnificent collection from the Greek and Roman site of Empúries (Ampurias, ancient Emporium, Emporiae), and to the late prehistoric 'Iberian' culture, including the Tivissa treasure. There is also a good collection of Visigothic material. To the visitor from northern Europe, the museum is a reminder of how much there is to find in a country for so long heavily populated.

The Lima Indian Letrados: Remaking the República de Indios in the Bourbon Andes

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcira Dueñas
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Iberian Culture ◽  
The Church

In building its early modern empire across the Atlantic, Spain deployed an army of legal bureaucrats who were rooted in the Iberian culture of letters and inherited Roman law. To rule their possessions in the New World, the Habsburgs attempted a wholesale incorporation of indigenous peoples into a Hispanicized legal culture. They redistributed the native population, introduced new forms of communication, and implemented their notions of justice and social order to counter the authority of kurakas (ethnic lords) in the Andes. Over time, the establishment of Spanish legal and political institutions encouraged new supra-ayllu (community) loyalties among Andeans, while in the newly created reducciones or Indian towns, native literate officials became the immediate brokers between the colonial state and the República de Indios, a colonial reordering of indigenous worlds. Working closely with one another, indigenous escribanos, alcaldes ordinarios, procuradores de cabildo (legal advocates of the Indians’ council), along with interpreters and fiscales de iglesia (overseers of Indian conversion), performed their jobs in local office in both expected and unanticipated ways. They interwove alphabetic literacy with their experience as servants of the state and the church, creating alternative legal practices and interpretations.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH PROJECT “EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA: STUDY OF NATURAL, SOCIAL AND ANTHROPIC RISKS AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE RESILIENCE (RISK-TERRA)”. OBJECTIVES AND FIRST METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 871-876
Author(s):  
C. Mileto ◽  
F. Vegas ◽  
V. Cristini ◽  
L. García-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Demographic Pressure ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
Iberian Culture ◽  
Earthen Architecture ◽  
Erosion Loss ◽  
Science Innovation

Abstract. The Iberian Peninsula possesses extensive earthen monumental and vernacular architectural heritage. The extension of the territory and its heterogeneous geography and climate, variety of available materials, and cultural diversity are the main factors which have brought about the great wealth of both the architecture, urban and rural settings, and the constructive techniques mainly using earth (rammed earth, adobe, half-timber, cob and its variants). However, despite being an essential part of the Iberian culture, this heritage has been greatly abandoned due to changes in ways of life, the depopulation of rural areas, the lack of social recognition, etc. The research project “Risk-Terra – Earthen architecture in the Iberian Peninsula: study of natural, social and anthropic risks and strategies to improve resilience” (ref. RTI2018-095302-B-I00), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (2019–2021) aims to provide a scientific study of natural hazards (floods, landslides, earthquakes, winds, rise of temperatures), social hazards (abandonment, loss of social reputation, demographic pressure, tourism development…) and anthropic hazards (carelessness and negligence, lack of protection and maintenance…), as well as deterioration mechanisms (erosion, loss of materials/parts, collapse…) and transformation dynamics (replacement, use of incompatible techniques and materials…), to which the earthen architecture of the Iberian Peninsula is currently subject. This paper presents the general and specific objectives and the methodology to be used in the project.

Iron Age Iberian sculptures as territorial markers: the Córdoban example (Andalusía)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90
Author(s):  
Teresa Chapa Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
Monumental Sculpture ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Iberian Culture ◽  
Public Character

The Iron Age Iberian Culture, centred on the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, is closely connected with other Mediterranean areas. The use of monumental sculpture is one of the parallels we can find with other places, like Greece or Etruria. This has led to the study of Iberian sculptures within the framework of a comparative and diffusionist model. This paper aims to study the Córdoban Pre-Roman sculptures, interpreting them as symbols of power and a reflection of the territorial organization which emerged in this part of Andalusia in the late fifth and early fourth centuries BC. It also suggests that, during this period, sculpture was not used purely for funerary purposes, as it had been in the past, but that it was also beginning to acquire a certain public character, although it continued to be associated with the aristocracy.

scholarly journals Estabulación, almacenaje y alimentación durante los siglos IV-III a. C. en el Área 3 de Giribaile

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-208
Author(s):  
Antonio Jesús Ortiz Villarejo ◽  
Luis María Gutiérrez Soler ◽  
María Alejo Armijo ◽  
Mario Gutiérrez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Structure ◽  
Soil Micromorphology ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Iberian Culture ◽  
Urban Pattern

The archaeological excavation campaign carried out during the year 2014 on the plateau of Giribaile had the objectives of a) providing better knowledge of the inner structure of the oppidum and its urban pattern and b) documenting the floor of one house enclosed within Area 3. The archaeological excavation of Area 3 made it possible to characterise a multi-functional structure from fourth and third centuries BCE inside the urban pattern. Carpological, anthropological and soil micromorphology studies as well as phytoliths, pottery and 14C analyses were performed. The study of the urban pattern using orthophotography showed a planned design. The identification of numerous functions related to farming inside Area 3 suppose an important advancement towards the complete understanding of crop and livestock farming in the Iberian culture.

scholarly journals Las estelas monolíticas ibéricas : una aproximación a su problemática

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Oliver Foix
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Iberian Culture

El estudio de las estelas ibéricas, salvo excepcionales ocasiones, prácticamente se ha realizado desde el punto de vista lingüístico y epigráfico. Por eso, hemos considerado oportuno, plantear la problemática que ofrece este tipo de documentación desde el punto de vista arqueológico dentro del contexto social de la Cultura Ibérica.Iberian Steles studies have been doing generally from the point of view of Language and Epigraphy aspect. So, we are introducing the problem of this type of documentation from an archaeological aspect, inside social context of Iberian Culture.

Iberian Studies: The Transatlantic Dimension

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Mario Santana
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Transatlantic Studies ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Iberian Culture ◽  
Iberian Studies ◽  
Latin Americanism ◽  
Linguistic Relations ◽  
Institutional Location ◽  
Successful Production

The emergence of Iberian Studies as a challenge to the paradigm of Hispanism has not only forced a revision of the cultural and linguistic relations within the Iberian Peninsula, but also raised some questions about the significance of the transatlantic dimension in our field. There is no question that, both institutionally and intellectually, most programs of Spanish and Portuguese are grounded on a much touted “community of language,” and that for as long as Peninsular Hispanism, Transatlantic Studies, and Latin Americanism remain bound to the ideology of monolingualism, the close association among literatures of both sides of the Hispanic Atlantic seems secured. But this linguistic grounding is precisely what Iberian Studies needs to deconstruct in order to implement its own epistemological agenda. Iberian Studies, which articulates the need to go beyond Spanish (and Portuguese) to properly understand the internal complexity of Iberian culture(s), may indeed widen the oceanic gap between the two blocks into which our discipline has been traditionally divided. However, the intellectual projects of Iberianism, Transatlanticism, and Latin Americanism —to the extent that they depend on the disruption of Hispanism for a successful production of new knowledge— may benefit from a common institutional location and sustained critical dialogue.

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