Peace Research and International Relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Ho-Won Jeong
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Peace Research

Progress in the Democratic Peace Research Agenda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Chan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Democratic Peace Theory ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Empirical Regularities

According to the democratic peace theory, democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies. Contrary to theories explaining war engagement, it is a “theory of peace” outlining motives that dissuade state-sponsored violence. The proposition that democracies are more peaceful than autocracies has spawned a huge literature. Much of the relevant quantitative research has shown that democracies indeed rarely, if ever, fight each other, although they are not necessarily less aggressive than autocracies in general. Although, statistically, the probability of war between any two states is considerably low, the absence of war among liberal democracies across a wide range of different historical, economic, and political factors suggests that there is a strong predisposition against the use of military violence between democratic states. According to scholars, the democratic peace theory can elaborate on the empirical phenomena previously explained by the earlier dominant research program, realism in international relations; in addition, the initial statement that democracies do not, or rarely, wage war on one another, has been followed by a rapidly growing literature on novel empirical regularities. This democratic peace proposition not only challenges the validity of other political systems, but also the prevailing realist account of international relations, which emphasizes balance-of-power calculations and common strategic interests.

scholarly journals Conflict, Peace and Security: An International Relations Perspective with Special Reference to India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
Sujit Lahiry
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Conflict Reduction

Conflict, peace and security are some of the enduring concerns of the Peace Research Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. They have become integrated in the dominant disciplines of international relations and political science and now are also part of most of the social science disciplines, such as economics, sociology, public policy, gender studies, international law and so on. This article purportedly seeks to examine some of the varied issues of conflict, peace and security and the challenges posed before the IR theorists to deal with them. It will also examine how the liberals, realists, Marxists, neo-Marxists and functionalists interpret conflict-transformation, peace-building and security. This article concludes with the argument that it is within the frontiers of critical theory as well as a class analysis of the structure of society within any state that social scientists can move from a paradigm of conflict reduction towards a more egalitarian model of peace and security. This article also concludes that only human security with a strong social welfare policy will lead to an egalitarian social order, especially in India.

Methodological problems of interdisciplinary peace research

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Mykola Genyk
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Pope John Xxiii

The increase in international tensions and the threat of global selfdestruction has determined the appearance of new interdisciplinary sciences aimed to investigate ways of contradictions resolving and raising the peace process’s effectiveness. Since the Second World War, issues of peace have become the object of study for several disciplines: polemology, eirenology, conflict resolution, and peace studies. They coexisted and rivalled in questions of methods and ways of cognition and achievement of peace. From 1960 to 1980, peace studies had been taking the first place. It had broadened and deepened the object and methods of peace research and been transformed into a separate interdisciplinary scientific field for studying and analyzing the preconditions for forging a lasting peace. Peace studies has combined conflict studies, development studies, philosophical-ethical reflections, historical context, and the international relations theory. Within peace research, two main schools have coalesced. The American traditional school (J. Burton) went in for peace keeping through predominantly analyzing international relations, arms control, disarmament, balance of power, and methods to establish peace „from the top”. The Scandinavian critical school (J. Galtung, B. V. A. Rolling, K. Boulding), based on updated social doctrine of the catholic church (the encyclicals of Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI), studied the underlying basis of conflict, having developed the theory of positive peace as a state of absence of not only direct but also of structural violence. Since the beginning of the 21st century, over 300 academic institutions and universities have been engaged in peace studies. Current peace research focuses on problems of global climate change, terrorism, sustainable development, failed states, and violation of human rights. At the same time, unsteady terminology is a significant problem of peace studies. R. Seidelman spoke about peace studies as a discipline in its infant stage. Evidently, a hybrid type of warfare, novel compound risks and threats to international security will promote the appearance of new directions of peace research. Key words: war, conflict, peace studies, peace research, peace process, conflict resolution, polemology.

Thucydidean Themes: Democracy in International Relations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hobson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
International Society ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Peace Research

This chapter explores existing scholarship on democracy in international relations, focusing primarily on the democratic peace research programme. The remainder of the chapter provides the theoretical and conceptual framework for the book. It identifies how conceptions of democracy have developed in relation to principles of sovereignty and legitimacy in international society. A conceptual history methodology is proposed, which is outlined by drawing on the work of Quentin Skinner and Reinhart Koselleck. The final part of the chapter uses Thucydides to draw out some key themes of the book.

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