Friendship and Antagonism

This paper is particularly concerned with the economic aspects of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Mongolian exile. His presence there eclipsed the authority of Mongolia’s highest incarnation, the Jebtsundamba Khutughtu, and offerings formerly given to the Mongolian leader were gifted to the Tibetan leader. Tibetans accompanying their leader also became an important economic presence in Mongolia, and in the final part of the paper the author discusses the implications of this Tibetan presence after 1913, when Mongolia and Tibet afforded each other mutual diplomatic recognition amidst claims to independence. The revitalization of the interchange between Tibet and Mongolia resulted not only in friendship, but also in antagonism.

SEMIÓTICA, PANDEMIAS, COVID-19 Y TEATRO

La semiótica, que, desde sus orígenes griegos, estuvo asociada a la salud, dentro de sus ramificaciones actuales se ha centrado en el estudio de la semiótica de la cultura, en general, y de la semiótica teatral, en particular, en relación con las pandemias. En este estudio se examinan las diferentes plagas que han azotado a la humanidad; así como las diversas y eminentes producciones, tanto en el ámbito literario como en el teatral, que han generado. Por último, dedicamos la parte final del trabajo al estudio de lo acaecido en España desde la implantación del estado de alarma por el COVID-19 (marzo-junio de 2020) en el espacio cultural del teatro. Abstract: Semiotics, which, since its Greek origins, was associated with health, within its current ramifications has focused on the study of semiotics of culture, in general, and of theatrical semiotics, in particular, in relation to pandemics. This study examines the different plagues that have plagued humanity; as well as the diverse and eminent productions, both in the literary and theatrical fields, that they have generated. We will address the final part of the work to the study of what happened in Spain in the cultural space of the theater with the implementation of the state of alarm for COVID-19 (March-June 2020).

Were Elections in the Socialist Countries Elections at All? The Case of Elections to the Sejm in Communist-Ruled Poland

The article presents the current state of research into parliamentary elections in Poland during the period of communist rule. The author outlines the development of the electoral system of the Polish People’s Republic in the 1940s and 50s, and also analyses its singular features in the years when elections to the Sejm were fully controlled by the ruling Polish United Workers’ Party. The final part of the paper is devoted to elections in the 1980s, when this electoral model collapsed, thereby contributing to the disintegration of the communist dictatorship in Poland.

Digital Agriculture Strategy

The aim of this chapter is to examine strategies for digitalizing agriculture. The first part of the chapter examines strategies for digitalizing agriculture in Africa. This part begins with an analysis of the role of agriculture in Africa, and it attempts to answer the question of whether African can feed itself and the world through its own agriculture. The first part will also consider strategies for innovating and computerizing Africa's agriculture. The second part of the chapter will examine agricultural trends and strategies in the European Union. This part will focus specifically on the trends of digital-oriented and smart farm developments. The final part of the chapter will consider strategies for digitalizing agriculture in Latin America and Asia.

Approaches of Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Due to the heterogeneity of ASD population, many difficulties emerge when it comes to diagnosis of the disorder and even more difficulties regarding early detection. Specifically, early detection enables diagnosis to be made before the span of 24-30 months, the age where the official diagnosis is usually made. As it is known, earlier diagnosis is very crucial as children with ASD can benefit more from programs of early intervention. Taking all these into account, a brief review of the most popular approaches for early detection of ASD would be elaborated in order to raise awareness to health care professionals, clinicians, and parents. Moreover, in this chapter, the pros and the cons of each approach would be elaborated, and in the final part, some recommendations would be made concerning the process of early detection.

Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Digitalization Process

This chapter will initially introduce the concept of intangible cultural heritage. After establishing the relationship between intangible cultural heritage and tourism, changes in intangible cultural heritage components will be expressed through the digitization and COVID-19 processes. “Digital intangible cultural heritage,” “digital cultural heritage,” “digital safeguarding” concepts will be described because they attracted great attention during this time. Additionally, the other aspect of the research is the use of digital applications to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage. In the final part, the pilot projects concerning the safeguarding and promoting the intangible cultural heritage implemented by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey will be discussed.

THE LAWS PROTECTING CHILD WITNESSES IN GIVING EVIDENCE: HARMONIZATION BETWEEN MALAYSIAN LAWS AND AS-SHARIA

Since issues of child abuse and other crimes against children have been brought to the public's attention through the media, this article considers to highlight one of the issues relating to the protection of child. The issue of the laws protecting child witnesses in giving evidence will come into the discussion. This paper considers the issue of corroboration of the child witness in the aspects of sworn and unsworn statements to determine whether the evidence given by children will be relevant and admissible in Courts. In tackling the issues, the research methodology applied by the authors is by analyzing and evaluating the decided cases and studying the substantive laws procedure in protecting child witnesses in giving testimony in Courts. The expectation findings of this paper are to harmonize between Malaysian and Islamic law relating to the protection of child witnesses in giving evidence in the court of law. After having observed the conflicts or the problems that had stem out of the current laws and procedures governing child witnesses as to the remedies, the final part of the article proposed some solutions and recommendations from the Islamic point of view.

Charge – fixed and floating: Agnew and Another v. Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Privy Council (New Zealand), 5 June 2001 (the “Brumark” case) Charge and Hypothec as Functional Equivalents

Our endeavour is dedicated to a few security devices. The first part of the current work is called “Words of Introduction”. The second portion takes into account a Privy Council case: Agnew and Another v. Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Privy Council (New Zealand), 5 June 2001 (the Brumark case). The third part briefly focuses on charge and mortgage. The fourth portion, in a succinct manner, describes the hypothec. The fifth and final part shows that charge and hypothec are functional equivalents.

EU Data Protection and the Principle of Proportionality

This paper explores the principle of proportionality in the context of EU data protection. The paper starts by setting out the basics of EU data protection at the EU level and explains why it is so interesting in the context of proportionality. The paper will briefly set out some of the main debate on proportionality before looking at some recent EU cases on data protection where the principle of proportionality has played a key role. The final part of the paper uses the Swedish derogations from the GDPR as a test case of a lack of proportionality.

Reading the represented city and society: signs, theory, and the dynamic interpretativeness of Peircean semiotics

In the era of visual media, cities, and society are represented, experienced, and interpreted through images. The need for interdisciplinary visual approaches, therefore, is indisputable. By focusing on cinema, this paper aims to develop a conceptual, methodological framework through which theory helps a broad range of researchers in social sciences, humanities, and arts interpret the represented phenomenon. Based on Peirce’s model of signs, the framework provides the basis for a dynamic interpretation of the city and society. This paper shows that Peircean cinesemiotics takes advantage of theory in three ways: First, as the basis that provides scholars with clues necessary for identifying eligible “image-signs”; second, as the guiding framework that helps them reach a final interpretation; third, as ideas are being criticized from visual perspectives. As an example of its application, using Jane Jacobs’ “The Death and Life of Great American Cities,” the final part of the paper applies Peircean cinesemiotics to an image-sign from Death Wish (2018) and interprets it as the representation of safety/crime in a neighborhood.