“As by a New Pentecost”: Embodied Prayer in Catholic Charismatic Renewal Following Vatican II

On 25 December 1961, John XXIII convoked the Second Vatican Council with his apostolic constitution Humanae salutis, praying that God would show again the wonders of the newborn Church in Jerusalem “as by a new Pentecost”. Not six years later, in 1967, a group of students at Duquesne University in the United States prayed while on retreat for an infusion of the Holy Spirit that they might also experience the power of Pentecost. They received what they reported to be the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and out of the spiritual experiences of that retreat arose what would become an international movement known as the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. This movement, influenced by Pentecostalism, would develop its own embodied praxis of prayer that seeks a renewed encounter with the power of the Holy Spirit made manifest at Pentecost. This article analyzes the embodied prayer language of the Renewal by drawing from Louis-Marie Chauvet’s distinction between language as mediation (or, symbol) and language as tool (or, sign). It will use Chauvet’s distinction as a hermeneutic to flesh out the relationship between post-Vatican II charismatic prayer practices and their intended purpose of participating in the encounter of Pentecost.

The Relationship between Theology and Law on the Basis of the Encyclical Pacem in terris of John XXIII

The above research permits one to draw legal and theological conclusions. The first sub-point, presenting the legal value and social-political context of the papal teaching, permits the creation of a foundation for the following theological considerations. The second subpoint permits for the separation of the theology of the encyclical and its meaning for the whole document. The last sub-point reveals in what way the legal and theological elements intersect in the encyclical’s text and what consequences this has for ecclesiology and the methodology of research at the intersection of theology and law. This article presented many mutual points of reference for theology and law and emphasized their methodological and substantive autonomy. The encyclical Pacem in terris of John XXIII is a creative proposal for the cooperation between theology and law, in which the Pope follows the principle of efficacy, which is the desire that the catalogue created by him is not only theoretical but also actually used. His teaching focuses on the theme of peace, which seems to assume the meaning that has already placed on justice, and the Pope seems to make it the centre of all international relations. That, in turn, allows to distinguish peace as a clearly legal category and so decisive for the just character of law itself. Because of the connection between peace, God’s order and Christ’s mission, there is a perfect intersection between temporal matters regulated by law and supernatural ones, which are the subject of theology. There exist two alternative models of the unity of humankind: the natural and the ecclesial. They have a complementary character as the two paths leading to a common goal and take the form of attaining the commonly desired peace on earth and the unification of humanity in Christ, who is peace himself. The Pope uses legal language, which has characteristics manifesting the openness of theology to law and vice-versa. Among them are cognitive realism, universal concepts, universal themes, social efficacy, legal naturalism, and mutual inspiration.

ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo: a new organizational Microbiology and Virology Laboratory structure to face the health emergency from the Sars-Cov-2 outbreak.

On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 an emergency of international interest. The first documented case in the "Pope John XXIII" Hospital in Bergamo was identified on Friday, February 21, 2020. The ASST Pope John XXIII of Bergamo was among the very first Hospital Companies to implement a series of organizational remodelling to quickly face the health emergency from the Sars-Cov-2 outbreak. In this context, we will describe the role and organizational changes adopted by the Complex Operating Unit (UOC) Microbiology and Virology. Laboratory diagnostics can effectively help counteract this and other (future) viral outbreaks. Molecular diagnostics is the only method currently recommended for the identification of infectious cases. The gold-standard method for identifying the virus is Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) according to both the protocol of the Charitè University Hospital in Berlin and the American CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Biological samples of the lower respiratory tract (sputum, endotracheal aspirate, or broncho-alveolar washing) or alternatively upper respiratory tract samples are preferred for the execution of a swab for each nostril and a swab for each side of the oropharyngeal cavity. The need to adopt a new organizational structure also concerned the UOC Microbiology and Virology, which was quickly called upon to cope with the health emergency by making its contribution through molecular research of the Sars-Cov-2 virus. We will illustrate the salient phases of the reorganization that led to the execution of over 1000 molecular swabs per day and the implementation of a service in H24. Properly managing human resources in the 24 hours was essential for the proper functioning of the laboratory itself and to deal with the ongoing health emergency. In this even evolving and uncertain context, it was difficult to adopt predefined strategies, but the right involvement, the self-denial of the staff and the strong team spirit have made it possible to achieve excellent performance and quality results.

Mediterranean Vector of International Relations in the Mirror of Sigismund of Luxembourg’s Conflict with Venice (1411—1413)

The article covers international and diplomatic aspects of the conflict of Sigismund of Luxembourg, the King of Hungary and the Romans, and the Republic of Venice in 1411—1413. Venetian claims to Dalmatia that nominally belonged to the Hungarian Crown were the formal reason of the conflict. The article notices that the main battleground was in Italia, not Dalmatia. The author thereupon concludes that the actual factor of the events was the competition between Italian states. But contrary to the traditional opinion the researcher assigns the part of the main power that competed with Venice to Florence, not Genoa. In the early fifteenth century it entered into the struggle for the outlet to the sea and sought the extension of its influence for account of new trade lines that connected the Mediterranean with Central and North Europe. Meanwhile, the head-on clash of the republics was ruled out because their relations guaranteed them both the safety of the political balance of Italy and the defence of the peninsula from external actions. But Florence could force Venice by the manipulation by the Italian policy of the King Sigismund. The instrument of the pressure was the potential union of the King and the Pope John XXIII. It was the interests of Florence that made it possible to explain the reason that kept them from direct official contacts. The investigation of the nature of the conflict reveals also its indirect connection with historical events related to West European states, Poland, the Teutonic Order, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottomans and the Golden Horde.

Methodological problems of interdisciplinary peace research

The increase in international tensions and the threat of global selfdestruction has determined the appearance of new interdisciplinary sciences aimed to investigate ways of contradictions resolving and raising the peace process’s effectiveness. Since the Second World War, issues of peace have become the object of study for several disciplines: polemology, eirenology, conflict resolution, and peace studies. They coexisted and rivalled in questions of methods and ways of cognition and achievement of peace. From 1960 to 1980, peace studies had been taking the first place. It had broadened and deepened the object and methods of peace research and been transformed into a separate interdisciplinary scientific field for studying and analyzing the preconditions for forging a lasting peace. Peace studies has combined conflict studies, development studies, philosophical-ethical reflections, historical context, and the international relations theory. Within peace research, two main schools have coalesced. The American traditional school (J. Burton) went in for peace keeping through predominantly analyzing international relations, arms control, disarmament, balance of power, and methods to establish peace „from the top”. The Scandinavian critical school (J. Galtung, B. V. A. Rolling, K. Boulding), based on updated social doctrine of the catholic church (the encyclicals of Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI), studied the underlying basis of conflict, having developed the theory of positive peace as a state of absence of not only direct but also of structural violence. Since the beginning of the 21st century, over 300 academic institutions and universities have been engaged in peace studies. Current peace research focuses on problems of global climate change, terrorism, sustainable development, failed states, and violation of human rights. At the same time, unsteady terminology is a significant problem of peace studies. R. Seidelman spoke about peace studies as a discipline in its infant stage. Evidently, a hybrid type of warfare, novel compound risks and threats to international security will promote the appearance of new directions of peace research. Key words: war, conflict, peace studies, peace research, peace process, conflict resolution, polemology.

Persona y felicidad: aportes desde la educación, la filosofía, la historia, la ética, la política, el derecho y la bioética

The book includes a collection of articles resulting from research carried out by teachers of the Department of Humanities and whose thematic center is the relationship between people and happiness. Each chapter provides answers from a specific disciplinary field, through a qualitative methodology, the anthropological and ethical problem of achievement of happiness or personal human fulfillment. From education and ethics, the transition from some informative humanities to other performative ones is proposed, which integrate moral formation and values that advocate empathy and solidarity as a human path to happiness. From the anthropological keys of Leonardo Polo, the person can give meaning to their presence in the world, beyond the satisfaction of happiness itself, since human beings has a personal sense capable of manifesting themselves in the hopeful task. Likewise, from the personalistic anthropology, happiness is studied as a life project, moving from the conflict towards spirituality and proposing chose political educational transformations. In the field of historical sciences, the use of the concepts of person and happiness in the Magisterium of John xxiii underlines the perspectives suggested by the Pope and collected by successive pontiffs. From the law, the relationship is analyzed between justice and happiness, applied to the so-called “right to die with dignity”; and from the bioethics, reflections on procreation and happiness are raised based on the current debate on surrogacy.

Byzantium and the West on the Way to the Council of Constance

This paper examines the connections of the Byzantine Empire and the Latin West on the eve of the Council of Constance. This Council has been analysed in the context of the conflict of King Sigismund of Luxembourg and the Republic of Venice. The project of the church council appeared in order to solve the conflict with the Roman pope as the mediator. Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos had the same interest as the European conflict was accompanied with Sigismund’s attempt of arranging an anti-Ottoman crusade. However, the King’s idea of an anti-Turk alliance contradicts to the interests of Byzantium which tried to keep neutrality under the current conditions. The author suggests that the Byzantine Emperor’s real aim was to assist the pope’s intermediary mission. Their contact was possible as negotiations concerning the church union. Byzantine diplomatist Manuel Chrysoloras’ visit to Constance has been analysed from the said standpoint. The situation was complicated by the fact that the prerequisites for solving the conflict of Western powers did not develop before the Council started. Therefore, the discussion of the Latin schism became topical at the Council of Constance, and the deposition of the Antipope John XXIII became inevitable. Thus, the solution of the problem facing the Greeks was postponed until the election of a new Roman pontiff.

Communicatio In Sacris Berbagi Kasanah Rohani Medium Membangun Persaudaraan di Antara Umat Kristiani Analisa Sejarah, Doktrin dan Iuris

In this paper, the author studies of Communicatio in Sacris as an act of sharing sacraments among Christians. This study begins with the author's observation regarding of relation among Christians at this time. In the past centuries, many dissensions happened and large communities were separated from full communion with Catholic Church. Each excludes others to take part in its own liturgy. However, it should be kept in mind, that unity which Christ willed, stood at the very heart of the Church’s mission. At every era, there have been figures who do not only defend the Church but also open the Church to other Christians, especially, in her liturgical services. It has begun a long the history of the Church. It is sufficient to simply to mention two of them. In 1244 Innocent IV allowed Dominicans to minister separated Christian communities by sharing the Eucharist with them. In modern age, John XXIII who led the 2nd Vatican Council has brought Catholic Church even more open toward other Churches, giving a wide possibility to share sacraments with non Catholic. The purpose of all these actions is for the goodness of souls. The method used in this article is a qualitative research, by analyzing the Church view of communicatio in sacris. The author analyzed the Church documents: 2nd Vatican Council, Canon Law and other sources, including digital sources to support the analysis. From this study, the author found out that communicatio in sacris in its strict meaning means to share sacraments amongs Christians that becomes an instrument to foster fraternity among Christians.

Americanism for the Global Church

This chapter begins with Pope Paul VI's statement about John F. Kennedy's assassination, stating that the incident was a dastardly crime. It describes the synergy between the papacy and the White House during Kennedy's tenure that was evident well before the president's tragic death. It also recounts how John XXIII prevailed on Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev to accept a compromise that involved the United States lifting its blockade and the Soviets promising to send no more warships to Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962. The chapter looks at Kennedy's commencement speech at American University, which is considered as a kind of eulogy for Pope John as the president announced the suspension of nuclear weapons tests and the resumption of negotiations with the Soviets. It explores the convergence of papal pronouncements about international relations that blended church teaching and American ideals.

The Aggiornamento Phenomenon and the Second Vatican Council

The Second Vatican Council was a unique event in the history of the Roman Catholic Church. Initiated by Pope John XXIII, it was intended to make the Roman Catholic Church more open to the contemporary society and bring it closer to the people. The principal aim of the council was the so called aggiornamento (updating). The phenomenon of updating the ecclesiastical life consisted in the following: on the one hand, modernization of the life of the Church and closer relations with the secular world; on the other hand, preserving all the traditions upon which the ecclesiastical life was founded. Hence in the Council’s documents we find another, French word ressourcement meaning ‘return to the origins’ based on the Holy Scripture and the works of the Church Fathers. The aggiornamento phenomenon emerged during the Second Vatican Council due to the movement within the Catholic Church called nouvelle theologie (French for “new theology”). Its representatives advanced the ideas that became fundamental in the Council’s decisions. The nouvelle theologie was often associated with modernism as some of the ideas of its representatives seemed to be very similar to those of modernism. However, what made the greatest difference between the two movements was their attitude towards the tradition. For the nouvelle theologie it was very important to revive Christianity in its initial version, hence their striving for returning to the sources, for the oecumenical movement, for better relations with non-Catholics and for liturgical renewal. All these ideas can be traced in the documents of the Second Vatican Council, and all this is characterized by the word aggiornamento.