Methodological problems of interdisciplinary peace research

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Mykola Genyk
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Pope John Xxiii

The increase in international tensions and the threat of global selfdestruction has determined the appearance of new interdisciplinary sciences aimed to investigate ways of contradictions resolving and raising the peace process’s effectiveness. Since the Second World War, issues of peace have become the object of study for several disciplines: polemology, eirenology, conflict resolution, and peace studies. They coexisted and rivalled in questions of methods and ways of cognition and achievement of peace. From 1960 to 1980, peace studies had been taking the first place. It had broadened and deepened the object and methods of peace research and been transformed into a separate interdisciplinary scientific field for studying and analyzing the preconditions for forging a lasting peace. Peace studies has combined conflict studies, development studies, philosophical-ethical reflections, historical context, and the international relations theory. Within peace research, two main schools have coalesced. The American traditional school (J. Burton) went in for peace keeping through predominantly analyzing international relations, arms control, disarmament, balance of power, and methods to establish peace „from the top”. The Scandinavian critical school (J. Galtung, B. V. A. Rolling, K. Boulding), based on updated social doctrine of the catholic church (the encyclicals of Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI), studied the underlying basis of conflict, having developed the theory of positive peace as a state of absence of not only direct but also of structural violence. Since the beginning of the 21st century, over 300 academic institutions and universities have been engaged in peace studies. Current peace research focuses on problems of global climate change, terrorism, sustainable development, failed states, and violation of human rights. At the same time, unsteady terminology is a significant problem of peace studies. R. Seidelman spoke about peace studies as a discipline in its infant stage. Evidently, a hybrid type of warfare, novel compound risks and threats to international security will promote the appearance of new directions of peace research. Key words: war, conflict, peace studies, peace research, peace process, conflict resolution, polemology.

The Aggiornamento Phenomenon and the Second Vatican Council

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Hiermonk Ioann ( Bulyko) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
The People ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Pope John Xxiii ◽  
The Church

The Second Vatican Council was a unique event in the history of the Roman Catholic Church. Initiated by Pope John XXIII, it was intended to make the Roman Catholic Church more open to the contemporary society and bring it closer to the people. The principal aim of the council was the so called aggiornamento (updating). The phenomenon of updating the ecclesiastical life consisted in the following: on the one hand, modernization of the life of the Church and closer relations with the secular world; on the other hand, preserving all the traditions upon which the ecclesiastical life was founded. Hence in the Council’s documents we find another, French word ressourcement meaning ‘return to the origins’ based on the Holy Scripture and the works of the Church Fathers. The aggiornamento phenomenon emerged during the Second Vatican Council due to the movement within the Catholic Church called nouvelle theologie (French for “new theology”). Its representatives advanced the ideas that became fundamental in the Council’s decisions. The nouvelle theologie was often associated with modernism as some of the ideas of its representatives seemed to be very similar to those of modernism. However, what made the greatest difference between the two movements was their attitude towards the tradition. For the nouvelle theologie it was very important to revive Christianity in its initial version, hence their striving for returning to the sources, for the oecumenical movement, for better relations with non-Catholics and for liturgical renewal. All these ideas can be traced in the documents of the Second Vatican Council, and all this is characterized by the word aggiornamento.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Pope John Xxiii ◽  
The Church

Charles de Gaulle famously called the Second Vatican Council the most important event in modern history. Many commentators at the time saw the Council as nothing short of revolutionary, and the later judgements of historians have upheld this view. The astonishing enterprise of a man who became, quite unexpectedly, Pope John XXIII in 1958, this purposeful aggiornamento of the Roman Catholic Church was almost at once a leviathan of papers, committees, commissions, and meetings. Scholars have been left to confront no less than twelve volumes of ‘ante-preparatory’ papers, seven volumes of preparatory papers, and thirty-two volumes of documents generated by the Council itself. A lasting impression of the impressiveness of the affair is often conveyed by photographs of the 2,200-odd bishops of the Church, drawn from around the world, sitting in the basilica of St Peter, a vast, orchestrated theatre of ecclesiastical intent. For this was the council to bring the Church into a new relationship with the modern world, one that was more creative and less defiant; a council to reconsider much – if not quite all – of the theological, liturgical, and ethical infrastructure in which Catholicism lived and breathed and had its being.

Mediterranean Vector of International Relations in the Mirror of Sigismund of Luxembourg’s Conflict with Venice (1411—1413)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Nikolai Pashkin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Indirect Connection ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Actual Factor ◽  
Pope John Xxiii

The article covers international and diplomatic aspects of the conflict of Sigismund of Luxembourg, the King of Hungary and the Romans, and the Republic of Venice in 1411—1413. Venetian claims to Dalmatia that nominally belonged to the Hungarian Crown were the formal reason of the conflict. The article notices that the main battleground was in Italia, not Dalmatia. The author thereupon concludes that the actual factor of the events was the competition between Italian states. But contrary to the traditional opinion the researcher assigns the part of the main power that competed with Venice to Florence, not Genoa. In the early fifteenth century it entered into the struggle for the outlet to the sea and sought the extension of its influence for account of new trade lines that connected the Mediterranean with Central and North Europe. Meanwhile, the head-on clash of the republics was ruled out because their relations guaranteed them both the safety of the political balance of Italy and the defence of the peninsula from external actions. But Florence could force Venice by the manipulation by the Italian policy of the King Sigismund. The instrument of the pressure was the potential union of the King and the Pope John XXIII. It was the interests of Florence that made it possible to explain the reason that kept them from direct official contacts. The investigation of the nature of the conflict reveals also its indirect connection with historical events related to West European states, Poland, the Teutonic Order, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottomans and the Golden Horde.

scholarly journals Os pobres como perspectiva em Medellín

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Pope John Xxiii

Objetiva-se neste artigo apresentar teologicamente os pobres, tendo como perspectiva a II Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-americano, realizada na cidade de Medellín, na Colômbia, no período de 24 de agosto a 06 de setembro de 1968. Justifica este objetivo o fato de a referida Conferência, ao buscar adaptar o Concílio Vaticano II na América Latina, ter encontrado na referida categoria o assento plausível para ser fiel à articulação entre fé e contexto histórico latino-americano. Para atingir este objetivo, tomar-se-á a esteira do Concílio Vaticano II, tendo como ponto de partida a expressão “Igreja dos Pobres”, cunhada pelo Papa João XXIII, trazendo à tona importantes posições teológicas sobre a questão dos pobres. Em seguida, decifrar-se-á textualmente a categoria “pobres”, e buscar-se-á visualizá-la como carência, espiritualidade e compromisso em todo o documento das conclusões de Medellín. Espera-se que a hermenêutica textual possibilite visualizar que a Conferência de Medellín não foi um acontecimento que já terminou, mas que continua a ser um chamado para que a Igreja de Cristo, pobre, com os pobres, tenha os pobres como sujeitos históricos, efetivando verdadeiramente uma Igreja dos Pobres.Abstract: This paper aims at presenting theologically the poor as perspective in the second General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, held in the city of Medellín, in Colombia, in the period from 24 August to 06 September 1968. This objective justified the fact that the Conference, to get fit in the Second Vatican Council in Latin America, found in the said category workable seating to be faithful to the relationship between faith and historical context. To achieve this goal, the wake of the Second Vatican Council, having as starting point the expression “Church of the poor”, coined by Pope John XXIII, bringing up important theological positions on the issue of the poor. Then crack will be verbatim the “poor” category and will view it as grace, spirituality and commitment throughout the document the conclusions of Medellín. It is expected that the textual hermeneutics allows show that the Conference of Medellín was not an event that already expired, but continues to be a call to the Church of Christ, poor, with the poor and the poor as subjects, history effecting truly a Church of the poor.Keywords: Medellín;Poor; Church of the poor; Vatican II.

scholarly journals KONSILI VATIKAN II, 50 TAHUN KEMUDIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Andreas A. Yewangoe
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church Renewal ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Christian University ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Pope John Xxiii

The Second Vatican Council has its own resonance which has impacted not only the Roman Catholic Church but other Churches also, indeed the world as a whole. This was the conviction of Pope John XXIII when he announced his idea for a Universal Council. He wished to place the Church within the rapidly changing modern world. One change is in attitudes towards other religions which has opened the path towards dialogue. Now, 50 years later, can the council still speak to us about Church renewal and unity? We note progress in Indonesia such as dialogue between religions and religious convictions, the ecumenical movement which has spread, for instance through the acceptance of a common translation of the Bible. In NTT Province theology faculty members of the Christian University (UKAW) in Kupang and the Philosophy Institute of Ledalero (STFK), Maumere exchange faculty and students. <b>Kata-kata Kunci:</b> Pembaruan, gerakan ekumene, kesatuan, misi Gereja, solidaritas

Peace research and peace edycation

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Peace Research

Despite the proliferation in recent years of scholarly journals, university and college departments and research institutes dealing with peace studies, it would be difficult to conclude that this area of academic enquiry is as yet firmly established in the wider field of International Relations. It may well be, as one sympathetic writer noted recently, that peace research is ‘alive, vigorous, rapidly maturing and producing a good deal of work conforming to the tenets of social science’. At the same time it remains a fairly new field and one which, over the years, has suffered, and continues to suffer, from internal disputes, particularly about substance and values. In some respects these debates and controversies are a sign of intellectual vigour. It must also be said, however, that in the past the ‘lack of agreed focus and definition ideological divisions, competing disciplinary biasses, ambiguities of priorities and purposes’, have led to ‘an unhealthy confusion and mystification of issues’ which has helped to prevent its wider acceptance within the academic field.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING PEACE STUDIES AS PART OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
M. Prakoso Aji ◽  
Jerry Indrawan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Conflict Transformation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Conceptual Research

<p>Peace Studies is a discipline that is derived from International Relations. With the development of International Relations, they are dealing with cases related to conflicts and wars between states, as well as states with non-states. For this reason, Peace Studies was born so that it can focus on discussing issues surrounding conflict, war, and resolution efforts. Peace Studies in general are associated with the concept of conflict resolution. One method of conflict resolution in Peace Studies is the concept of conflict transformation. Conflict transformation is not only aimed at stopping conflict and to change patterns of negative relations between conflicting parties, but also to change the political, social and economic structure that causes the patterns of negative relations. Peace Studies offers a new analysis of how International Relations should look at the complexity of relations between actors. The author did not conduct field research related to this article, but conduct a conceptual research through literature study. The purpose of this article is to see how Peace Studies can help answer problems in International Relations related to conflicts or wars that occur internationally.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> peace studies, conflict, armed conflict, violence, and conflict transformation</p>

scholarly journals The spirit of the Catholic aggiornamento

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Bernardo Pizarro Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
New World ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
Elective Affinity ◽  
Aldo Van Eyck ◽  
Ecumenical Council ◽  
Pope John Xxiii ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council aimed, in the words used by Pope John XXIII, the aggiornamento of the Catholic Church. The inseparable complementariness between the concept of resourcing and of openness to a new world led to a change of the paradigm of the church temple to the house for the living stones. It is in this context where it comes to light the opportunity to explore the contributions of two non-Christians architects: Aldo van Eyck, and Lina Bo Bardi. In their works and especially in their thoughts it is possible to recognize an elective affinity with the spirit of the Christian aggiornamento.

Articulating an alternative: the contribution of John Burton

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Research Association ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
George Mason University

Taken together, these four volumes comprise the Conflict Series, and represent the fruits of work completed by John Burton, with others, in the last years of his formal academic career in the United States, at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington, DC, and at the Center for Conflict Resolution at George Mason University in Virginia. Burton has now ‘retired’ (though he still writes vigorously) to his native Australia, and that event, together with the appearance of these works, prompts this synoptic evaluation of them in the context of Burton's life and previous work. What makes this particularly interesting in the case of John Burton is that his career has been less than singular; first a civil servant, then a diplomat, then an academic, he moved from Australia, then to the United Kingdom and thence to the United States, with various stops along the way. Though he has written a great deal—books, articles and conference papers—and was a key participant in the organization of the peace research movement in the 1960s, especially the International Peace Research Association and the Conflict Research Society in the United Kingdom (and is described on the back cover of CRP as ‘the founder of the field of conflict resolution’), he was never a professor during his extended residence i n the United Kingdom at, first, University College, London, and then at the University of Kent, achieving that status only later, at George Mason University.

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