Cognitive Ethology: Hunting for Bargains or a Wild Goose Chase?

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ethology ◽  
Wild Goose

A Wild Goose: Samuel Beckett

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Desmond Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Samuel Beckett ◽  
Wild Goose

scholarly journals Objective Biomarkers for Total Added Sugar Intake – Are We on a Wild Goose Chase?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1436
Author(s):  
Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Nutritional Sciences ◽  
Wild Goose

ABSTRACT Misreporting of added sugar intake has been the major criticism of studies linking high added sugar consumption to adverse health outcomes. Despite the advancement in dietary assessment methodologies, the bias introduced by self-reporting can never be completely eliminated. The search for an objective biomarker for total added sugar intake has therefore been a topic of interest. In this article, the reasons this search may be a wild goose chase will be outlined and discussed. The limitations and inability of the 2 candidate biomarkers, namely urinary sucrose and fructose and δ¹³C isotope, which are based on the 2 only possible ways (i.e., difference in metabolism and plant sources) to identify added sugar based on current knowledge in human physiology and food and nutritional sciences, are discussed in detail. Validation studies have shown that these 2 candidate biomarkers are unlikely to be suitable for use as a predictive or calibration biomarker for total added sugar intake. Unless advancement in our understanding in human physiology and food and nutritional sciences leads to new potential ways to distinguish between naturally occurring and added sugars, it is extremely unlikely that any accurate objective added sugar biomarker could be found. It may be time to stop the futile effort in searching for such a biomarker, and resources may be better spent on further improving and innovating dietary assessment methods to minimize the bias introduced by self-reporting.

Drag Reduction Study about Bird Feather Herringbone Riblets

2013 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wei Chen ◽  
Fu Gang Rao ◽  
De Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Peng Shang
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Flight Feather ◽  
Hollow Shaft ◽  
Smooth Edge ◽  
Bird Feather ◽  
Wild Goose

Flying bird has gradually formed airworthy structures e.g. streamlined shape and hollow shaft of feather to improve flying performance by millions of years natural selection. As typical property of flight feather, herringbone-type riblets can be observed along the shaft of each feather, which caused by perfect alignment of barbs. Why bird feather have such herringbone-type riblets has not been extensively discussed until now. In this paper, microstructures of secondary feathers are investigated through SEM photo of various birds involving adult pigeons, wild goose and magpie. Their structural parameters of herringbone riblets of secondary flight feather are statistically obtained. Based on quantitative analysis of feathers structure, one novel biomimetic herringbone riblets with narrow smooth edge are proposed to reduce surface drag. In comparison with traditional microgroove riblets and other drag reduction structures, the drag reduction rate of the proposed biomimetic herringbone riblets is experimentally clarified up to 15%, much higher than others. Moreover, the drag reduction mechanism of herringbone riblets are also confirmed and exploited by CFD.

scholarly journals Three levels of naturalistic knowledge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Ethology ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Level Of Analysis

A recent naturalistic epistemological account suggests that there are three nested basic forms of knowledge: procedural knowledge-how, conceptual knowledge-what, and propositional knowledge-that. These three knowledge-forms are grounded in cognitive neuroscience and are mapped to procedural, semantic, and episodic long-term memory respectively. This article investigates and integrates the neuroscientifically grounded account with knowledge-accounts from cognitive ethology and cognitive psychology. It is found that procedural and semantic memory, on a neuroscientific level of analysis, matches an ethological reliabilist account. This formation also matches System 1 from dual process theory on a psychological level, whereas the addition of episodic memory, on the neuroscientific level of analysis, can account for System 2 on the psychological level. It is furthermore argued that semantic memory (conceptual knowledge-what) and the cognitive ability of categorization are linked to each other, and that they can be fruitfully modeled within a conceptual spaces framework.

scholarly journals A pluralist account of knowledge as a natural kind

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Natural Kind ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cognitive Ethology ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Hilary Kornblith

In an attempt to address some long-standing issues of epistemology, Hilary Kornblith proposes that knowledge is a natural kind the identification of which is the unique responsibility of one particular science: cognitive ethology. As Kornblith sees it, the natural kind thus picked out is knowledge as construed by reliabilism. Yet the claim that cognitive ethology has this special role has not convinced all critics. The present article argues that knowledge plays a causal and explanatory role within many of our more fruitful current theories, diverging from the reliabilist conception even in disciplines that are closely related to cognitive ethology, and thus still dealing with knowledge as a natural as opposed to a social phenomenon, where special attention will be given to cognitive neuroscience. However, rather than discarding the natural kind approach altogether, it is argued that many of Kornblith’s insights can in fact be preserved within a framework that is both naturalist and pluralist.

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