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2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Steve Daniel Przymus ◽  
Zachary Brooks

Do adult learners of English make different and sometimes better decisions in English than their monolingual peers and teachers? It is likely, possible, and probable. Using evidence from classroom decision making studies, with over 500 participants, we demonstrate that often adult English learners (henceforth adult Active Bilingual Learners/Users of English [ABLE]) make more accurate decisions in English than first language English speakers, when given time and the ability to utilize their whole linguistic repertoire (i.e., translanguaging). We specifically look at differences in decisions that involve 1) common adverbs of frequency (rare, possible, likely, frequently, etc.) and 2) system 1 (implicit) vs. system 2 (analytical) thinking in cognitive reflection tests, such as math story problems. Understanding these surprising differences and advantages in decision making in English as an Additional Language (EAL) has important practical implications for test preparation and daily instruction for adult ABLE students, and potentially as well for ABLE youth in K-12 schools.


Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Ilan Laufer ◽  
Dor Mizrahi ◽  
Inon Zuckerman

Previously, it was shown that some people are better coordinators than others; however, the relative weight of intuitive (system 1) versus deliberate (system 2) modes of thinking in tacit coordination tasks is still not resolved. To address this question, we have extracted an electrophysiological index, the theta-beta ratio (TBR), from the Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded from participants while they were engaged in a semantic coordination task. Results have shown that individual coordination ability, game difficulty and response time are each positively correlated with cognitive load. These results suggest that better coordinators rely more on complex thought process and on more deliberate thinking while coordinating. The model we have presented may be used for the assessment of the depth of reasoning individuals engage in when facing different tasks requiring different degrees of allocation of resources. The findings as well as future research directions are discussed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Budiana

Article 28E paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution states "Every person shall be free to choose and to practice the religion of his/her choice, to choose one’s education, to choose one’s employment, to choose one’s citizenship, and to choose one’s place of residence within the state territory, to leave it and to subsequently return to it.” In paragraph (2), everyone has the right to the freedom to believe in his/her beliefs, to express his/her views and thoughts, according to his/her conscience. The constitutional guarantees for believers can also be seen in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution stating that the state shall be based upon the One and Only God and the State guarantees all persons the freedom of worship, each according to his/her own religion or belief. The Constitutional Court affirms that the right to adhere to a religion or belief in God Almighty is a citizen's constitutional right, not a gift from the state. Therefore, the state is obliged to protect and guarantee the fulfillment of the rights of it’s the citizens to embrace a belief other than the six religions developed in Indonesia. However, in practice the dissolution of beliefs is actually carried out by community organizations. In this study, two things will be discussed namely: 1) What is the legal position of adherents of belief in the national legal system? 2) Do community organizations have the authority to dissolve religious beliefs? This research is normative juridical research, in which the problems in this research are analyzed qualitatively.


Author(s):  
Giulia Macario ◽  
Giuseppe Pupillo ◽  
Gianni Bernardi ◽  
Pietro Bolli ◽  
Paola Di Ninni ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 658-665
Author(s):  
Latifahtur Rahmah ◽  
Irra Chrisyanti Dewi ◽  
Ryan Yeremia Iskandar

Proper nutrition and adequate water are essential during the COVID-19 outbreak. People who eat a balanced diet tend to be healthier with a stronger immune system. The risk of chronic diseases and infectious diseases is lower, so there needs to be an outreach to the public about nutrition awareness to support Indonesia to be ready for the new normal. Nutrition education serves to create awareness and spread knowledge. The implementation of this counseling consists of the delivery of material and questions and answers. The material consists of: 1) nutrition conscious behavior that focuses on balanced nutrition guidelines and the role of vitamins and minerals in increasing the body's immune system; 2) Nutrition conscious behavior that focuses on the role of essential fats (EPA and DHA) in increasing the body's immune system; 3) Nutrition conscious behavior that focuses on processing food with balanced nutrition. A series of outreach activities have been well organized. Most of the counseling participants felt that community service activities were carried out through counseling about nutrition awareness to support indonesia ready for new normal. This nutrition awareness counseling  is very useful to prepare nutrition for the Covid-19 pandemic.


Risks ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczudlińska-Kanoś ◽  
Małgorzata Marzec ◽  
Bożena Freund

(1) Background: The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the problem of combining work and private life. The pandemic conditions have turned out to be particularly difficult for parents who, due to changes in the organization of the education system, have been forced to reconcile their professional duties with the raising of childcare. Thanks to the recommendations for cooperation between schools and parents proposed in this study, it will be possible to reduce the risk and uncertainty of achieving common goals of the education system. (2) Methods: In the preparation of nationwide research, a questionnaire was provided to a sample of 10,331 respondents, including 7800 professional parents, in a trial form before a transition to the study of children. (3) Results: The analysis of the data showed that educational institutions should shape their activities based on cooperation with the family environment of children. (4) Conclusions: Educational institutions can help working parents in times of increased uncertainty. Parents reported that in caring for children, it would be helpful to operate educational institutions in stationary mode. Moreover, they expect increases in extracurricular and extra-curricular activities.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Celine Richonnet ◽  
Françoise Mosser ◽  
Elisabeth Favre ◽  
Martine Robert ◽  
Françoise Martin ◽  
...  

Food packaging marketing techniques which appeal to children (such as cartoon characters and brand mascots) affect children’s choices, preferences, and eating habits. Several studies have assessed the nutritional quality of food intended to children in various countries and concluded that most were high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) and ultra-processed foods. The aim of this study is to analyse products intended for children over the age of 3 (foods and beverages with relevant marketing elements on the packaging) available on the French market as regards: (1) nutritional quality, based on the Nutri-Score labelling system, (2) compliance with expected nutritional profile suitable for children, according to the criteria of the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model, and (3) degree of processing, as defined by the NOVA classification, from packaging collected in 20 stores (hyper/supermarkets, hard-discount retail chains, and organic food stores). The marketing strategies most often used on children’s products are cartoons (97.22%; n = 1120) and mascots (77.78%; n = 896). A total of 1155 products were included in the study, most of which were sugary foods: almost a quarter of the products in the sample (23.81%; n = 275) list a sweetener as the first ingredient, and most of them (89.52%; n = 1034) contain free sugars according to the WHO definition. All the products included in our study feature marketing elements targeting on the packaging, yet 94.88% do not meet the criteria of the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model. Most (58.68%; n = 676) belong to Nutri-Score groups D and E, with the highest proportion in group D (39.32%; n = 453) and are ultra-processed (87.97%; n = 1016), especially through the use of flavourings and ultra-processed sugars. Using the Nutri-Score, the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model, and the NOVA classification, this study suggests that a significant share of pre-packaged foods marketed to children do not have an adequate nutritional profile. As such, measures are needed to regulate what marketing elements aimed at children can be included on packaging, based on these criteria.


Author(s):  
C. Codella ◽  
C. Ceccarelli ◽  
C. Chandler ◽  
N. Sakai ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
...  

The huge variety of planetary systems discovered in recent decades likely depends on the early history of their formation. In this contribution, we introduce the FAUST Large Program which focuses specifically on the early history of solar-like protostars and their chemical diversity at scales of ∼ 50 au, where planets are expected to form. In particular, the goal of the project is to reveal and quantify the variety of chemical composition of the envelope/disk system at scales of 50 au in a sample of Class 0 and I protostars representative of the chemical diversity observed at larger scales. For each source, we propose a set of molecules able to (1) disentangle the components of the 50–2000 au envelope/disk system, (2) characterize the organic complexity in each of them, (3) probe their ionization structure, and (4) measure their molecular deuteration. The output will be a homogeneous database of thousands of images from different lines and species, i.e., an unprecedented source survey of the chemical diversity of solar-like protostars. FAUST will provide the community with a legacy dataset that will be a milestone for astrochemistry and star formation studies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Griffiths

Decision-making is understood to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors related to need, as are personal values. Personal values are a component of personality known to influence decision-making in agreement with the circular structure of the Schwartz (1992) system. We set out to explore whether personal values also exert complementary linear patterns of influence on heuristics and performance in fluid intelligence and creativity tests. Such patterns are predicted by an evolutionary theory that proposes the influence of values described by Schwartz (1992) evolve sequentially and incrementally in living systems, internalising the schema of a pre-existing system of universal equivalents. Testing N=1317 individuals with challenges derived from Kahneman and Tversky and others, we found values exerted both circular and linear influences on intuitive and rational decision-making. These were apparent in overall value/response correlation patterns, and in the performance of individuals allocated to linear, values-based, quasi-Maslowian (1943) motivational types. Performance in fluid intelligence and creativity tests most strongly betrayed linear, developmental patterns of influence. In relation to a Bayesian inference challenge, tentative support was also forthcoming for the hypothesis that those most likely to be subject to values-related conflicts would be most likely to avoid giving erroneous intuitive responses by engaging rational system 2 thinking (Stanovich & West, 2000). This suggests values may also play a role in mediating between rational and irrational systems of thinking. These findings extend our understanding of the role values play in individual decision-making, and by extension, their importance in organizational and societal decision-making.


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