Fitzgerald, Desmond (1911–1987)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorcha O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
International Style ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
University College

Desmond Fitzgerald was an architect descended from a well-known Irish political family. He worked for Patrick Abercrombie on Mendesohn and Chermayeff’s 1936 De La Warr Pavilion. After his return to Ireland he led a team of young Irish architects to design the "International Style" Dublin Airport for the Office of Public Works from 1937 to 1940. Influenced by Dutch models, the airport was designed to follow the circulation patterns of passengers, with a curved plan funnelling them out onto the airfield (see Figure 1). A good example of the glamorous associations of inter-war air travel, the concrete and steel terminal referenced ocean liners with curved ends and stepped balconies, and the airport was awarded the RIAI Gold Medal for 1938–40. After World War II, Fitzgerald taught architecture at University College Dublin and designed several other public buildings, as well as large office buildings in a monumental style.

William Gerald Beasley 1919–2006

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Nish
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Great Book ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Imperialism ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
University College ◽  
Teacher Researcher ◽  
University College London

William Gerald Beasley (1919–2006), a Fellow of the British Academy, was the pioneer in introducing Japanese history into British academic circles as teacher, researcher, and author. He was born in Hanwell, Middlesex on December 22, 1919, and moved to Brackley, Northamptonshire, where he was educated at Magdalen College School. In 1937, Beasley registered for a degree in history at University College London. In the last weeks of World War II, he was in the Pacific Islands interrogating Japanese naval prisoners who were few in number and ‘never seemed to possess important information’. Late in June 1945, Beasley was ordered to join the flagship of the British Pacific Fleet, the HMS King George V, so as to be ‘available for duty in Japan, if needed’. In 1947, he began to teach at the School of Oriental and African Studies, which was the beneficiary of financial help under the recommendations of the Scarbrough Commission. In his great book Japanese Imperialism, 1894–1945 (Oxford, 1987), Beasley re-examined the nature of Japan's imperialism.

scholarly journals Philip Frank Wareing. 27 April 1914 — 29 March 1996

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 507-518
Author(s):  
Michael A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
World War ◽  
Birkbeck College ◽  
University College ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The University ◽  
Assistant Lecturer

Philip Wareing was born in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, and after World War I moved to Benfleet and then to Watford, where he received his schooling. After leaving school he entered the Civil Service and took his BSc at Birkbeck College, University of London, where he studied part-time. After service during World War II in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, he took up a post as a demonstrator and then an assistant lecturer at Bedford College, University of London, obtaining his PhD in 1948. In 1950 he moved to the Department of Botany at Manchester and in 1958 he was appointed Professor of Botany in the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, in which post he remained until his retirement in 1981.

Building an African Department of History at Makerere, 1950–1972

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 253-282
Author(s):  
Carol Sicherman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
World War ◽  
Technical School ◽  
The World ◽  
University College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
New Generation

Once upon a time, in the euphoric 1960s, a new generation of historians of Africa undertook to write the history of Africa and Africans through the ages, overturning previous Western suppositions that Africa had no precolonial history worth investigating. As J.D. Hargreaves has written, they were “excited by the challenge to apply their craft to the continent which Hegel had judged ‘no historical part of the world’.” Among the explorers of the largely unmapped territories of prccoloniai history were members of the Makerere Department of History and their students, many of whom were to become professional historians. This essay sketches the construction of a modern Department of History at Makerere, a task requiring a new curriculum and a new staff.Makerere began in 1922 as a government technical school for Africans. Courses in medicine and teacher training soon replaced the original more “vocational” instruction in carpentry, surveying, mechanics, and the like. The next several decades saw an evolution into a “higher college,” preparing students from all over East Africa for examinations leading to university degrees. By the late 1930s, a top-level commission recommended fulfilment of an early forecast that Makerere would one day become a university college. In the meantime, as World War II put off any substantial changes, it loomed ever greater as the legendary “mountain” that only the best could ascend. In 1950, finally fulfilling the forecast, Makerere joined in a Special Relationship with the University of London to become the University College of East Africa.

scholarly journals Kangerlussuaq: evolution and maturation of a cultural landscape in Greenland

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Dzik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
World War ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
American Military ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Inland Ice

Abstract The cultural landscape reflects the composite influences of the regional physical, cultural, and technological environments. It is a dynamic entity which evolves over time and the perceptions of its human inhabitants is influential in the process. This paper is a descriptive analysis of Kangerlussuaq, a young but maturing settlement located in west Greenland near the inland ice. The site’s natural resource base did not attract permanent settlement by the Inuit or Scandinavian colonists, but in the early days of the World War II, the American military took advantage of the exceptional flying conditions here and established an air base. In time, civilian functions developed as Kangerlussuaq became the hub for air travel in Greenland. A transitory utilitarian settlement was eventually transformed into a more permanent settlement. In recent years there seems to be a growing sense of community and place attachment as the cultural landscape begins to exhibit more of the components of a real ‘town’.

Dartington Hall (1925--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larraine Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
International Style ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Modernist Architecture ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Newly Married ◽  
A Site ◽  
Community Access

Dartington Hall (near Totnes, Devon, England) is a country estate centered on a medieval courtyard and Great Hall. In 1925, the newly married Dorothy and Leonard Elmhirst bought and renovated the crumbling buildings with Dorothy’s family fortune. Plans for the Elmhirsts’ ideal community were based upon early twentieth-century progressive notions of education, technology, agriculture, and social justice. Community access to the arts, including music, dance, and theater, was an important principle from the beginning. The years up to World War II marked the high point of artistic modernism at Dartington. Commissioned houses, including High Cross House, were built in the international style of modernist architecture. There were studios for painters (Mark Tobey, Cecil Collins, Hein Heckroth), pottery (Bernard Leach), theater (Michael Chekhov), and dance (Kurt Jooss, Sigurd Leeder). The estate was a haven for refugee artists from Europe including Chekhov, Heckroth, Jooss, Sigurd Leeder, and Rudolf Laban. After the war, Dartington became both a regional arts venue and a site for developments in education. With the conviction that potential teachers should also be practising artists, Dartington College of Arts provided teacher training courses in arts subjects, later setting up degree courses. Dartington College of Arts was incorporated into University College Falmouth in 2010.

The Politics of Depression and War

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
Jason Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Works ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ◽  
The New Deal

This essay explores how the Great Depression and World War II shaped politics in the United States. The collapse of the economy brought Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) to the presidency; it also brought the New Deal. This essay explores the ways in which the New Deal’s attempts to save capitalism brought about long-lasting political changes, forging an electoral coalition that dominated American politics for decades. The New Deal’s key policy measures, including public works construction and the creation of social security, proved to be effective politics as well. World War II saw FDR and the federal government draw upon the New Deal’s methods, reforms, and bureaucracies in mobilizing the nation’s economy and society. This policy toolkit, the essay concludes, signaled the political power of empirically minded flexibility, ratifying for a generation the legitimacy of the government’s involvement in the economy.

Gómez, Pedro Nel (1899–1984)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherin Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineer ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
National Development ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
World War ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Labor Conditions

Born in Medellín, Colombia on July 4, Pedro Nel Gómez influenced a generation of artists as the first muralist in Colombia, and as a radical figure who insisted on the independence of artistic creation. Not only was he a controversial figure, but he earned significant recognition for accomplishments as artist, architect, civil engineer, urban planner, and diplomat. Gómez developed a form of social realism that sought to reflect the essence of the reality experienced during this period. Between 1935 and 1938 he completed his first mural series in fresco at the Municipal Palace of Medellín. In the mural triptych entitled de la Bordadora a los Telares, el Problema del Petróleo y la Energía, y el Trabajo y la Maternidad the artist contends with issues of industrialization and labor conditions. This work also reflects his commitments to national development as a member of the Board of Public Works in Medellín. After World War II, the question of nuclear arms becomes a central motif in Gómez’s mythical realism. The artist’s artistic accomplishments contributed to the development of Modern Art in Colombia, and comprise the heart of the nation’s cultural heritage.

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