Kritik Ibn al-Jauzi Terhadap Hadis dalam Kitab Ihya Ulum ad-Din dan Pembelaan Abu al-Fadl al-Iraqi

In the world of Islamic intellectuals, Al-Ghazali is one of the Sufistic figures who understands Islam very well. Arguments and ways of thinking about philosophy, monotheism and others were able to become a bridge for Muslims in that era. But apart from the intellectual prowess of al-Ghazali can not be separated from the criticism of his thinking. Some scholars at that time tried to criticize al-Ghazali's thoughts, especially about the hadith arguments that he used in Islamic law. Some scholars' considered that al-Ghazali used the hadith maudlu'. This is as seen in one of his monumental works, Ihya 'Ulum ad-Din, both for the purpose of at-targhib (providing motivation) and at-tarhib (scaring), and/or fadhail al-a'mal (the virtue of attitude/ behavior). It is interesting to briefly examine the epistemological framework of hadith in al-Ghazali's thought, which according to some scholars' has a tasahhul (loose) attitude in terms of hadith transmission, thus drawing criticism from some scholars and even orientalists, and the basis held by al-Ghazali in narrating and using hadiths that are af and even willing' quality, especially those related to haram and halal. However, this monumental book by al-Ghazali is considered a very great book in its era until now because it includes various types of knowledge.

MATHEMATICS, THE "BOOK OF NATURE" AND THEOLOGY - GALILEO GALILEI AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN SCIENCE

Starting from the cycle of letters known as The Copernican Letters (1613-1615) and following through to the 1632 Dialogue, I will attempt to outline the context in which Galileo Galilei’s work is constituted as a veritable theory of nature research based on mathematics. Galilei rests on the principles of science to ground his choice for the Copernican model, as well as the separation of natural research from theology, but his concern for a unified philosophy of the natural world is intertwined in his work with the dignity of creation understood as “the great book of the world” by which divinity talks to man in the language of mathematics.

Libraries and Access to Information In Palestine

Life under Occupation, for over 70 years, has had a major impact on Palestinian libraries, their function within communities, and access to materials and resources that most libraries in other places around the world do not experience. This paper will give a brief overview of several libraries within Palestine, including a historical narrative about the history of the Israel/Palestine conflict. Also included are snapshots of a few libraries within Palestine, the experiences of a few librarians living and working in the West Bank and Gaza, and a summary overview of the documentary film The Great Book Robbery by Billy Brunner. This paper has previously been published as a chapter within an Open Access resource titled International Libraries: An Open Textbook.