Material Deprivation Amongst Ethnic Minority and White Children: The Evidence of the Sample of Anonymised Records

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2342 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mairead Kiely ◽

Kevin Cashman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

White Women ◽

Life Stage ◽

Scale Up ◽

School Age Children ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

White Children ◽

Technological Platform

Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle (ODIN) was a cross-disciplinary, collaborative project, including 30 partners from 19 countries, which aimed to develop evidence-based solutions to prevent low vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 30 nmol/L) using a food-first approach. This paper provides a summary overview of some of the important ODIN outcomes and outlines some outstanding data requirements. In a study of almost 56,000 individuals, the first internationally standardised dataset of vitamin D status showed that 13% of EU residents overall, across a latitude gradient of 35° N to 69° N, had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L and 40% were < 50 nmol/L. The risk of low vitamin D status was several-fold higher among persons of ethnic minority. However, additional data from quality bio-banked sera would be required to improve these estimates. To address the question of dietary requirements for vitamin D among under-researched life-stage and population groups, four dose-response RCTs conducted in Northern Europe showed that vitamin D3 intakes of 8 and 13 μg/day prevented 25(OH)D decreasing below 30 nmol/L in white children and adolescents and 20 and 30 μg/day, respectively, achieved ≥50 nmol/L. Among white women during pregnancy, 30 μg/day is required to prevent umbilical cord 25(OH)D, representing new-born vitamin D status, below 25 nmol/L. While 8 μg/day protected white women in Finland at the 30 nmol/L cut-off, 18 μg/day was needed by women of East African descent to prevent 25(OH)D decreasing below 30 nmol/L during wintertime. Replicate RCTs are needed in young children <5 years and in school-age children, teens and pregnant women of ethnic minority. Using a series of food production studies, food-based RCTs and dietary modelling experiments, ODIN research shows that diverse fortification strategies could safely increase population intakes and prevent low vitamin D status. Building on this solid technological platform, implementation research is now warranted to scale up interventions in real-world settings to eradicate vitamin D deficiency.

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Children From Ethnic Minorities Have Benefited Equally as Other Children From Contemporary Therapy for Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2002.11.131 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 4428-4433 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. Scott Baker ◽

James R. Anderson ◽

Thom E. Lobe ◽

Moody D. Wharam ◽

Stephen J. Qualman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Risk Category ◽

Study Group ◽

White Children ◽

T Stage ◽

Risk Categories

PURPOSE: To define the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) occurring in children from ethnic minorities and determine whether these children have benefited equally from advances in therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of children treated on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group protocols between 1984 and 1997. The clinical features and outcomes of 336 African-American children and 286 children from other ethnic minorities were compared with those of white children (n = 1,721). RESULTS: African-American, other ethnic group, and white children enjoyed similar 5-year failure-free survivals (FFS) of 61%, 61%, and 66%, respectively, P = .15. Compared with white children, nonwhite patients more often had (1) invasive, T2 tumors (P = .03); (2) stage 2 or 3 tumors (P = .003); (3) large tumors (more than 5 cm, P < .006); and/or (4) tumors with positive regional nodes (ie, N1, P = .002). Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, seven patient risk categories were defined with significant differences in outcome. This model was then used to search for other factors associated with FFS after adjusting for these risk categories. Only T stage and age remained associated with FFS (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). After adjusting for T stage, risk category, and age, we explored the relationship of ethnic group to FFS and found that, compared with whites, the relative risk of failure was 1.14 for African-American patients and 1.2 for other ethnic minority patients, values that are not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Patients from ethnic minority groups more often have larger, invasive tumors with positive lymph nodes. Nevertheless, they have benefited as equally as white children from the dramatic progress in therapy of RMS.

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