The state, rural environments, and globalisation: ‘action at a distance’ via the Australian Landcare program

The Rural ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 443-458
Author(s):  
S. Lockie
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Action At A Distance

scholarly journals Origins of the concepts cause, cost, and goal in prereaching infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (36) ◽  
pp. 17747-17752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Liu ◽  
Neon B. Brooks ◽  
Elizabeth S. Spelke
Keyword(s):  
Causal Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Causal Knowledge ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
The World ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Basic Intuition

We investigated the origins and interrelations of causal knowledge and knowledge of agency in 3-month-old infants, who cannot yet effect changes in the world by reaching for, grasping, and picking up objects. Across 5 experiments, n = 152 prereaching infants viewed object-directed reaches that varied in efficiency (following the shortest physically possible path vs. a longer path), goal (lifting an object vs. causing a change in its state), and causal structure (action on contact vs. action at a distance and after a delay). Prereaching infants showed no strong looking preference between a person’s efficient and inefficient reaches when the person grasped and displaced an object. When the person reached for and caused a change in the state of the object on contact, however, infants looked longer when this action was inefficient than when it was efficient. Three-month-old infants also showed a key signature of adults’ and older infants’ causal inferences: This looking preference was abolished if a short spatial and temporal gap separated the action from its effect. The basic intuition that people are causal agents, who navigate around physical constraints to change the state of the world, may be one important foundation for infants’ ability to plan their own actions and learn from the acts of others.

scholarly journals Origins of the concepts cause, cost, and goal in prereaching infants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Liu ◽  
Neon Blue Brooks ◽  
Elizabeth Spelke
Keyword(s):  
Causal Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Causal Knowledge ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
The World ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Basic Intuition

We investigated the origins and interrelations of causal knowledge and knowledge of agency in 3-month-old infants, who cannot yet effect changes in the world by reaching for, grasping, and picking up objects. Across 5 experiments, N=152 prereaching infants viewed object-directed reaches that varied in efficiency (following the shortest physically possible path vs. a longer path), goal (lifting an object vs. causing a change in its state), and causal structure (action on contact vs. action at a distance and after a delay). Prereaching infants showed no strong looking preference between a person’s efficient and inefficient reaches when the person grasped and displaced an object. When the person reached for and caused a change in the state of the object on contact, however, infants looked longer when this action was inefficient than when it was efficient. Three-month-old infants also showed a key signature of adults’ and older infants’ causal inferences: This looking preference was abolished if a short spatial and temporal gap separated the action from its effect. The basic intuition that people are causal agents, who navigate around physical constraints to change the state of the world, may be one important foundation for infants’ ability to plan their own actions and learn from the acts of others.

scholarly journals Entanglement and Bell Inequalities : No Correlation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Scarzafava
Keyword(s):  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Interaction ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Action At A Distance

Abstract Claims that entanglement, or non-local interaction ("spooky action-at-a-distance), has been experimentally proven are false. The claims are based entirely on the fact that the results of experiments performed to test that issue (EPR-Bohm experiments) violate various theoretical inequalities (Bell Inequalities).The various Bell Inequalities used to interpret the results of EPR-Bohm experiments are shown to be inappropriate for such experiments. The inequalities do not correctly provide for the correlation between the particles in each pair, which is the essence of such experiments; and therefore the inequalities are irrelevant. Claims that the results of such experiments, because they violate the inequalities, require the conclusion that the measurement of one particle in an "entangled" pair can instantly affect the state of its partner, even at great distances, are untrue and need to be modified.

scholarly journals Мянушкi жыхароў Камароўшчызны (на падставе палявых даследаванняў у Паўночна-Заходняй Беларусi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Anna Żebrowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
The State ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Animal Names

The aim of the article is an attempt to describe the nicknames functioning actively among the inhabitants of Komarovschizna (Myadzyel district, Minsk region), where my field study has been conducted since 2010. The analysis of collected material showed that the nicknames can be divided into nine major groups: nicknames created from surnames; nicknames created from names; nicknames motivated by people’s profession; nicknames motivated by the similarity with known people; nicknames motivated by an external appearance; nicknames motivated by specific habits, customs and behaviors; nicknames motivated by characteristic pronunciation; nicknames created on the basis of metaphorisation of animal names and also situational nicknames. In addition, it is necessary to distinguish such nicknames, which motivation is unknown to the inhabitants of Komarovschizna. The study of nicknames in rural environments gives the opportunity to obtain material which is valuable for linguistic as well as historical and cultural reasons. It also allows to understand the mechanisms of functioning of this type of anthroponyms, determines the state of behavior of the dialect and shows the directions of its possible development.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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