Psychotherapeutic Implications of Internalized Homophobia in Gay Men

Author(s):  
Alan K. Malyon
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jac Brown ◽  
Robert Trevethan

This study reports on a survey of 166 gay men in Sydney, Australia, that explores the links between internalized shame, internalized homophobia, and attachment style. These variables were linked to the age of coming out, family and peer acceptance of their sexuality, relationship status, and previous marriage. Findings suggest a strong relationship between shame, internalized homophobia, and anxious and avoidant attachment style. Shame was predicted by internalized homophobia and anxious and avoidant attachment style. A significant proportion of gay men reported that they were not easily accepted when they first came out. There was a significant relationship between coming out and internalized homophobia but not with shame and attachment style. Furthermore, men who had never come out to family and friends reported higher levels of internalized homophobia but not higher levels of shame and attachment style. Of particular significance was the connection between previous marriage and higher levels of shame and internalized homophobia. Finally, gay men who were not currently in a relationship reported higher levels of shame anxious and avoidant attachment style. These findings are related to therapeutic work with gay men who have previously been married and those who are concerned with their current single status.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Khadijah Nasrah ◽  
Rezki Perdani Sawai ◽  
Joki Perdani Sawai

Gay men are among high-risk minority groups that are vulnerable to depression and suicidality, having three times the rate of depression compared to the general adult population. They are also at high risk for suicidality. Despite the high prevalence of such disorders, medical practitioners have tended to focus more on aspects related to diseases and their medical treatment and rarely explore factors contributing to those mental issues. In general, gay men have weak coping strategies when dealing with mental health issues. This research explores a single case study of a gay male who had depression that led to suicidal thoughts. SBQ-R is used to measure the level of suicidal thoughts, and in-depth interviews were employed to explore the risk factors contributing to suicide ideation. The findings show that risk factors underlying depression and suicidality among gay men include lack of family acceptance of their sexual identities, low social support, internalized homophobia, and societal stigma. The paper discusses in detail the barriers preventing gay men from seeking help as well as how mental health practitioners might advance the well-being of this underserved minority group by effectively addressing depression and suicidality. Abstrak Lelaki gay adalah kumpulan minoriti berisiko tinggi yang terdedah kepada kemurungan dan bunuh diri. Jumlah kemurungan dalam kalangan lelaki gay adalah tiga kali lebih tinggi daripada populasi dewasa umum. Mereka juga berisiko tinggi untuk bunuh diri. Walaupun terdapat kemunculan kemurungan dan bunuh diri yang tinggi, pengamal perubatan cenderung memberi tumpuan kepada masalah kesihatan seperti virus dan ubat-ubatan tetapi jarang sekali mereka menekankan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan mereka mengalami kemurungan. Justeru itu, lelaki gay mempunyai strategi daya tindak yang negatif ketika menangani masalah kesihatan mental. Kajian ini meneroka satu kajian kes lelaki gay yang mengalami kemurungan dan membawa kepada pemikiran bunuh diri. Inventori Kecenderungan Bunuh Diri (IKBD) telah digunakan untuk mengukur kecenderungan pemikiran bunuh diri dan temubual mendalam untuk meneroka faktor risiko yang menyumbang kepada ideasi bunuh diri. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa faktor risiko kemurungan dan bunuh diri dalam kalangan lelaki gay termasuk kekurangan penerimaan keluarga berkaitan identiti seksual mereka, sokongan sosial, budaya homofobia, dan stigma masyarakat. Halangan untuk mendapatkan bantuan juga dibincangkan secara terperinci, bagaimana pengamal kesihatan mental dapat membantu mengatasi kemurungan dan bunuh diri dan seterusnya mencapai kesejahteraan mental kumpulan minoriti yang kurang terlindung ini.


Author(s):  
Jack Thepsourinthone ◽  
Tinashe Dune ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Amit Arora

Due to the heterosexist ideals associated with gender norms, gay men often experience negative attitudes towards their own sexuality—internalized homophobia. As a result, gay men often feel compelled to compensate for their perceived lack of masculinity. The study aimed to investigate the relationship and predictive power of masculinity on gay men’s experiences of internalized homophobia. A sample of 489 self-identified Australian gay men 18–72 years old participated in an online survey on masculinity and homosexuality. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and sequential multiple regressions were used to test the study’s aims. Sequential multiple regressions revealed that conformity to masculine norms and threats to masculinity contingency were stronger predictors of internalized homophobia over and above demographic and other factors. Given the already known psychological risks associated with social isolation, internalized homophobia, and the poor mental health outcomes associated with sexual minority groups, it is suggested that gay men who are experiencing high degrees of internalized homophobia should not be distancing themselves from other gay men but, conversely, seek a strong relationship with the LGBTI community.


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