Shifting Modes and Spatial Flows in North American Freight Transportation

Author(s):  
John T. Bowen ◽  
Brian Slack
Author(s):  
Balu Natarajan ◽  
Chandler Duncan ◽  
David Simpson

Although the railroad industry is often regarded as a declining industry with a decreasing modal share of the nation's freight movement, innovations in railroad management are changing the way rail carriers operate and are leading to operational efficiencies for the rail mode. The formation of strategic alliances is transforming the way North American railroads do business and increasing the hope of creating new opportunities for rail as an economically viable and technologically sophisticated element of North America's surface freight transportation network. This conceptual paper examines the pressures and challenges driving the alliance trend of North American railroads from the standpoint of different competitive arrangements in the context of recent strategic management literature. The competitive dimensions and outcomes of recent railroad alliances are analyzed from a business perspective. The paper concludes with insights about the implications of the emerging alliance paradigm not only for railroad management but also for intermodal freight planning and policy in the new millennium.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan K. Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Ewan Macpherson ◽  
Susan Scollie

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.


2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 511-512
Author(s):  
David G. McLeod ◽  
Ira Klimberg ◽  
Donald Gleason ◽  
Gerald Chodak ◽  
Thomas Morris ◽  
...  

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