scholarly journals Equilibrium in Ethic Economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad

We will study the concept of equilibrium in conventional and ethic economics in this paper. By a general review of the subject of equilibrium from basic sciences' point of view, we will study the meaning of equilibrium at different levels of micro, macro, and international economics; and by considering the lust and anger powers of human being, the concept of optimizing human behavior in Neoclassical theory will be studied. The hypothesis of “rational behavior” and philosophical and the root of thoughts and human behavior modeling in neoclassical economics will be analyzed from pleasure or utilitarianism-based point of view. By putting forward the concept of “perfection” as materializing innate power of creatures, we introduce the concept of ethic science so that we will review the correctness and goodness of actions and qualities of the human being in the process of optimizing economic behavior. Level of equilibrium in the powers as prescribed by ethic science with the meaning of preventing overindulgence and under-indulgence will be discussed. The meaning of equilibrium in ethic economics is a global optimum and in the form of utility point of view, has a broader domain of qualities and intellectualities and human being spirituals always at least is in a position that is better than Neoclassical optimized behavior (which is a local optimum).Some qualities related to economic behavior and overindulgence and under-indulgence and their equilibrium have also been considered. Equilibrium in ethic economics means using resources and locating everything in its right position and in the direction of obtaining human being perfection. Putting things in their right position is the optimal use of them from a mathematical point of view, and perfection is defined as reaching the ultimate innate of every creature. This means that in order to maximize the utility, resources should be used in a manner that in addition to ensuring human being material needs, assure the necessary background for maximizing mental and spiritual growth and elevation of him.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402335

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohjiro Hashimoto ◽  
Kae Doki ◽  
Shinji Doki ◽  
Shigeru Okuma ◽  
Akihiro Torii

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Lane ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Andrew T. Campbell ◽  
Tanzeem Choudhury ◽  
...  

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Barbara Aniela Bonar

In this paper, I explain the problem of the dreamer in the Zhuangzi. I aim to show that no difference exists between dreaming states and waking states because we have a fluctual relationship with these two stages. In both, “we are dreaming.” Put another way, from a psychoanalytical point of view, one stage penetrates the other and vice versa. The difference between dreaming and non-dreaming disappears because dreaming is a structural process. Also, from a psychoanalytical perspective, all confirmations and negations about dreams and non-dreams leads to one point: the being, or rather the becoming, of the subject. How does this solve the problem of the True Person/True Human Being (zhenren真人)? Does such a person have dreams or not? Does the True Person sleep without dreams, as we find in the Zhuangzi? From a psychoanalytic perspective, this is not possible. To prove this, I will present few passages from the Zhuangzi and offer a psychoanalytic explanation of them based on Jacques Lacan’s theory of the fantasy and desire.


AI Magazine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jie Bao ◽  
Uldis Bojars ◽  
Ranzeem Choudhury ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Mark Greaves ◽  
...  

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, in cooperation with Stanford University's Department of Computer Science, was pleased to present the 2009 Spring Symposium Series, held Monday through Wednesday, March 23–25, 2009 at Stanford University. The titles of the nine symposia were Agents that Learn from Human Teachers, Benchmarking of Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning Systems, Experimental Design for Real-World Systems, Human Behavior Modeling, Intelligent Event Processing, Intelligent Narrative Technologies II, Learning by Reading and Learning to Read, Social Semantic Web: Where Web 2.0 Meets Web 3.0, and Technosocial Predictive Analytics. The goal of the Agents that Learn from Human Teachers was to investigate how we can enable software and robotics agents to learn from real-time interaction with an everyday human partner. The aim of the Benchmarking of Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning Systems symposium was to initiate the development of a problem repository in the field of qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning and identify a graded set of challenges for future midterm and long-term research. The Experimental Design symposium discussed the challenges of evaluating AI systems. The Human Behavior Modeling symposium explored reasoning methods for understanding various aspects of human behavior, especially in the context of designing intelligent systems that interact with humans. The Intelligent Event Processing symposium discussed the need for more AI-based approaches in event processing and defined a kind of research agenda for the field, coined as intelligent complex event processing (iCEP). The Intelligent Narrative Technologies II AAAI symposium discussed innovations, progress, and novel techniques in the research domain. The Learning by Reading and Learning to Read symposium explored two aspects of making natural language texts semantically accessible to, and processable by, machines. The Social Semantic Web symposium focused on the real-world grand challenges in this area. Finally, the Technosocial Predictive Analytics symposium explored new methods for anticipatory analytical thinking that provide decision advantage through the integration of human and physical models.


Author(s):  
Erin K. Barrett ◽  
Cameron M. Fard ◽  
Hannah N. Katinas ◽  
Charles V. Moens ◽  
Lauren E. Perry ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Tamás Hankovszky ◽  

According to the early Fichte, designation of mental concepts and highly abstract concepts happens by means of ‘schemata’. Through an unconscious mechanism, we transfer the name of a sensible thing into a supersensible object. Fichte looked upon this process as a source of mistakes. In Addresses to the German Nation, he changes his conception and puts symbols or actual images in the place of schemata. These images don’t unify sensible and supersensible notions as schemata do, rather they draw an analogy between these notions. This analogy guides the subject in creating a notion. The word initiates and inspires the process for creating a notion. Furthermore, the word shows through the image, in what way we should set in motion our capacity of representation. So the word does not offer abstract rules for the reason but gives an image which contains the rules of procedure.From my point of view, Fichte modified his theory of language not only to deal with problems immanent to the philosophy of language. He aimed to construct a philosophy of language which was much more consistent with the view of the human being and the conception of intersubjectivity according to the Wissenschaftslehre. The modified philosophy of language proves more convincingly that basically when we understand speeches of others we neither apprehend perfect meanings nor receives ideas of others more or less passively but we re-create or re-produce thoughts of the speakers.Nach dem frühen Fichte bezeichnet die Sprache die „geistigen“ und die „sehr abstrakten“ Begriffe mit Hilfe von Schemata. Ein unbewusster Mechanismus überträgt den Namen sinnlicher Gegenstände auf übersinnliche. In diesem Verfahren sah Fichte eine Quelle von Fehlern. Die Reden modifizieren diese Theorie so, dass die Schemata durch Symbole bzw. Bilder ersetzt werden. Sie vereinigen nicht wie die Schemata sinnliche und übersinnliche Vorstellungen, sondern stellen eine Analogie zwischen ihnen her. Diese Analogie weist darauf hin, welche Vorstellung ein Subjekt bilden muss. Das Wort gibt einen Anlass und eine Anleitung zur Vorstellungsbildung und die von ihm bereitgestellte Information zeigt zugleich, wie wir unser Vorstellungsvermögen in Bewegung setzen müssen. Es teilt dabei keine abstrakten Regeln mit, sondern bietet in einem Bild Anweisung für das Gemüt. Nach meiner These änderte Fichte seine Sprachlehre nicht nur, um ein immanentes sprachphilosophisches Problem lösen zu können. Sein Ziel war es wohl auch, eine Sprachphilosophie zu schaffen, die besser dem Menschenbild der Wissenschaftslehre und ihrer Intersubjektivitätslehre entspricht, als die frühere. Die revidierte Sprachphilosophie kann überzeugender belegen, dass wir beim Verstehen der Sprache anderer Menschen nicht ausgemachte Bedeutungseinheiten begreifen und nicht Gedanken von außen aufnehmen, sondern diejenigen Gedanken re-produzieren und re-konstruieren, die auch der Redner gedacht und ausgesprochen hat.


Author(s):  
Mamadou Seck ◽  
Norbert Giambiasi ◽  
Claudia Frydman ◽  
Lassaad Baati

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